Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Register and Genre,Kyky,1.,Introduction,2.Register,2.1Definition and social variables,2.2 Characteristics and function,2.3 Register and dialect,2.4 Register switching,mixing and borrowing,2.5 Misuse,2.6 Different views,Contents,3.Genre,3.1 Definition,3.2 Generic structure potential and contents,3.3 Generic structure forms,4.Register and Genre,5.Conclusion,Contents,1.Introduction,Human activities take palce in a certain context.,Malinowski,:,context of situation,:the context refers to the relationship between the speech and social environment.(time,place,topic of speech and the occasion of the speech event and the participants features.),context of culture:,the whole cultural background of linguistic activities.,2.Register,Definition,Register is the funtional variety of language-the type of,lanugage which is selected as appropriate to the context of,situation.,Three social variables that determine the register,1.Field of discourse(,语场,):subject matter(purpose)and setting of the lanugage activity.(what),techinical non-technical,2.Tenor of discourse(,语旨,):,role of relationship(who),personal tenor(,个人基调,),：,intimate,distant,functional tenor(,功能基调,),：,didactic,expository,descriptice,persuasive.purpose of the discourse,3.Mode of discourse(,语式,),：,medium/channel (how),spoken,written,Characteristics,1.Classified according to delicacy:scientific English(mathematic English,psychological English),2.Distances among registers,features of meaning,E.G.:TV news reporting vs newspaper reporting (similar),mathematic English and poetic English,3.Open register and closed register,unconstrained,restrictive language,alternatives:lack of creativity:,daily talk news report,Functions,The basic function:to predict textual structure,context textual structure(p276),Stephen:,Yea,.171 38802.Yea.Race 4 at,Albion Park,please.Ah,two units to,win,number 8.Two units to win number 11.,Ah,.,Um.,.Um 5 um,quinella,(,赌前两名,).I think that is,the lot thank you.Twenty units.Thank you very much.,Handbookinger,predict,Register and dialect,The change of registers is according to use.,The change of dialects is according to user.,Dialect:geography,history,society and personal factor.,geographic dialect:soical dialect:,American/British English bureaucratic/schoolboy tone,Register switching/mixing/borrowing,Register switching:from one register to another,E.G.a leaders oral speech draft changed into news release,Register mixing:more than one register in a text(p279),?,Register borrowing:use a register different,from the chosen one.,E.G.,xx,教练昨天下课了,二十天真相大白,Question,Code switching is the practice of moving back and forth between,two languages,or between two dialects or registers of the same language.Also called code-mixing and style shifting.,Register switching:speaker talk from one register to another.,The difference between register switching and code-switching?,Misuse of register,Definition:improper use of lanugage varieties in communication-ingore the subject;identification and contents.(p280),Different views,Halliday and,Hasan:register,controlled by field of discourse,tenor of discourse,and mode of discourse.,Martin:register is the combinatin of them,is in a context of situation,genre:in the context of culture.,Register Model,Halliday,3.Genre,Definition,:a genre is a particular class of speech events which are considered by the speech community as being of the,same type,which is classified according to,purpose and other criteria,.(p285),Bakhtin,Simple genre,:a type of discourse which can directly reflect context of situation and daily discouse in real world,Complex genre:,a type of discourse which is institutionalized,and reflect context of situation,such as all kinds of academic writing,poetry,dramma.,Hasan paid attention to,1.Contextual configuration(,语境构型,),：,to realize field/tenor/mode of discourse,to predict structural elements of texts,their frequency and orders.,2.,Generic structure potential,3.,Genre is defined by textual obligatory elements.,The text which has same obligatory elements belong to a same genre.,Generic structure potential(,语类结构潜势,Halliday&Hasan):,the potentiality of meaning structure of a certain genre.,(,意义结构有多种可能性,),Research Contents:elements which are,1.obligatory(,必要的,)2.optional,（非必要的）,3.sequence,（顺序）,4.recurrence,（反复出现）,Obligatory,:Q+A+F (,教师提问,+,学生回答,+,教师反馈,),E.G.:,Teacher:What is two and two?,Pupil:Four,Teacher:Right,Optional,E.G.:,各位旅客，汽车启动，请拉好扶手。（注意环境卫生，车厢内不要乱丢垃圾。）下一站是老福山站，下车请准备。,Sequence,(p289),newspaper and TV news,result+process,Recurrence,（教师提问,+,学生回答）,+,教师反馈,T:Who wrote Hamlet,Jack?,J:Dickens,T:Who wrote Hamlet,Mary?,M:Shakespeare.T:Right.Shakespeare.,Generic structure potential,（,Hasan,）,E.G.:,相邻成分 （）可取舍 多次出现,不止一个选择,打招呼,(,Greeting,),、买卖引发（,Sales In