宇轩,图书,英 语,上一页,下一页,宇轩图书,首页,考点知识精讲,上一页,下一页,宇轩图书,首页,专题训练,考点知识精讲,上一页,下一页,宇轩图书,首页,专题训练,专题十一 主谓一致和倒装句,考点一主谓一致,(,一,),语法一致,语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也必须采用复数形式。,1,以单数名词或代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。,My brother is very tall.,我弟弟很高。,2,主语为第三人称单数,或一些习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词,如,money,,,information,,,clothing,等,谓语动词用单数。,3,主语为单个的不定式,(,短语,),、动名词,(,短语,),或从句时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Running is good for us.,跑步对我们来说很有益处。,注:,what,引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式,但如果表语是复数或,what,从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。,4,由连词,and,或,both.and,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。,Mike and Jack are good students.,迈克和杰克是好学生。,注:,如果,and,所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。由,and,连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有,no,,,each,,,every,,,more than a,/an,,,many a/,an,修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。,The writer and scientist has come.,这位作家兼科学家已经来了。,5,主语后跟,with,,,along with,,,together with,,,except,,,but,,,like,,,as well as,,,rather than,,,more than,,,besides,,,including,等引起的短语,谓语动词的数由前面主语的单复数来决定,不受短语的影响。,Mr.Brown,,,together with his children,,,has come to China.,布朗先生和他的孩子们一起来到了中国。,6,某些只有复数形式的名词,如,trousers,,,clothes,,,glasses,等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;如有单位量词时,谓语应和单位量词保持一致。,His trousers are too long.,他的裤子太长了。,7,“,the number of,复数名词,”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,The number of students in our class is,fiftyfour,.,我们班学生人数为,54,人。,注:,“,a number of,复数名词,”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。,8,主语为由,some,,,every,,,any,,,no,构成的复合代词,或由,either,,,neither,,,each,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,Everything goes well.,一切顺利。,9,在定语从句中,关系代词,that,,,who,,,which,等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。,She is one of my classmates who are working hard.,她是我同学中学习十分努力的一个。,(,二,),意义一致,意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。,1,表示重量、时间、长度、价格、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。,Ten years is a long time.,十年是很长的一段时间。,2,集体名词,如,family,,,group,,,class,,,population,,,team,,,public,等作主语时,若看作一个整体,其谓语动词用单数;若强调其中的每一个成员,则谓语动词用复数。,His family is a happy one.,他家是个快乐的家庭。,The whole family are having supper.,全家人正在吃晚饭。,注:,police,,,people,,,cattle,等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。,The police havent caught the thief yet.,警方还没抓住窃贼。,3,“,some,/the rest/,all/most of the,名词,”,等既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词,谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。,Some of the summer camps are in the countryside or on the lake.,其中一些夏令营扎在乡村或湖上。,The rest of the money was given to him.,剩下的钱都给了他。,4,分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。,Two thirds of the work has been finished.,工作已完成了三分之二。,5,“,the,形容词,”,作主语时,若表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;若表示抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。,the,姓氏名词复数表示,“,一家人,”,或,“,夫妇,”,,当其在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。,The blind need more help.,盲人需要更多的帮助。,The Greens are Americans.,格林一家是美国人。,6,当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。,Harry,Potter,is an interesting book.,哈里,波特,是一本有趣的书。,7,以,ics,结尾的表示学科的名词,如,physics,,,politics,,,mathematics(maths,),等以及一些以,s,结尾的名词,如,news,,,James,等不可数名词或专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,I think physics is easy.,我认为物理很容易。,The news is very important.,这则消息很重要。,(,三,),就近一致,就近一致是指谓语动词的数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。,1,当两个主语由,or,,,either.or.,,,neither.nor.,,,not.but.,,,not only.but also.,,,whether.or.,连接时,谓语动词和它相邻的主语保持一致。,Neither he nor I am going to Beijing.,他和我都不去北京。,2,在,there be,句型中或以,here,等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,谓语动词,be,应与后面的名词保持一致。当后面的名词不止一个时,,be,的人称和数应与和其最靠近的那个名词的人称和数保持一致。,There are ten desks and a chair in the classroom.,教室里有,10,张课桌和,1,把椅子。,考点二倒装句,英语句子的基本语序是比较固定的,一般主语在前,谓语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求,往往要改变句子的自然语序,把一些本应置于主语之后的成分提前,我们称这种语序为倒装语序。,倒装语序又分为全部,(,完全,),倒装和部分倒装。,(,一,),全部,(,完全,),倒装,如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前,这种语序称为完全倒装。,1,表示方位的副词,out,,,up,,,down,,,in,,,away,置于句首时,句子要全部倒装。,Out rushed the children.,孩子们冲了出去。,注:,一般情况下,当主语是人称代词时,主语的语序不倒装。,Away he went.,他走了。,2,表示方位的介词短语置于句首时,句子要全部倒装。,In front of the school is the hospital.,学校的前面就是医院。,注:,介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移,不能拆开。,3,在以,here,,,there,等副词开头的句子里,要用全部倒装以示强调。,Here comes the bus.,公共汽车来了。,注:,以,here,,,there,等引导的句子中,谓语动词常为,be,,,come,,,go,等,且时态为一般现在时,如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。,Here they are.,它们在这儿。,4,以表示时间的副词,now,,,then,引导的句子,谓语动词是,come,,,begin,,,end,,,follow,,,be,等时,句子用全部倒装。,Then came the workers.,接着来的是工人。,注:,如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。,Then he went.,接着他走了。,(,二,),部分倒装,如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词,be,放在主语之前,这种语序称为部分倒装。,1,否定副词,never,,,hardly,,,seldom,,,little,,,not,等置于句首时句子要部分倒装。,Hardly could he believe his own eyes.,他几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。,2,“,only,状语,”,置于句首时,要用部分倒装。,Only in this way can you learn English well.,只有用这种方法,你才能学好英语。,注:,only,后接状语从句时,从句的语序不能倒装。,Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back home.,直到,1918,年战争结束,他才重返家乡。,3,把副词,so,放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人,(,或物,),,构成,“,so,be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词主语,”,结构时,用部分倒装。,Your sister is a nurse,,,so is my sister.,你姐姐是护士,我姐姐也是护士。,注:,当后者对前者所说的内容表示赞同或加以例证、强调时,用结构,“,so,主语,be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词,”,表示,意为,“,的确如此,”,。,Tom likes music.,汤姆喜欢音乐。,So he does.,他的确如此。,4,把,neither,,,nor,放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人,(,或物,),,构成,“,neither,/nor,be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词主语,”,结构时,用部分倒装。,Mary didnt go to school yesterday.,玛丽昨天没去上学。,Neither/Nor did I,我也没去。,注:,系动词,be,/,助动词,/,情态动词在形式上与前一句的谓语保持一致,而其数则由后一句的主语而定。,5,not only.but also.,连接并列的句子,前一部分倒装,后面部分不倒装;,neither.nor.,连接并列的句子,前后都倒装。,Not only does he learn to speak English,,,but also he learns to write in English.,他不但学说英语,他还学习用英语写作。,注:,如果置于句首的,not only.but also.,连接两个并列主语,则句子不用倒装结构。,Not only he but also I like football.,不仅他而且我也喜欢足球。,专题训练,12,主谓一致和倒装句,(训练时间:,45,分钟 分值:,50,分),1,David,,,there _a dictionary and some book