单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,并列句和复合句,并列句和复合句,含有两个或者更多的相互并列的,主谓结构,的句子叫并列句。并列句中各分句之间是并列的,无从属关系。,并列句,eg:,The teachers name,is Smith,and,the,pupils name,is John,.主系表+主系表,简单句:主+谓,You,he,and,I,are good friends,.,Hurry up,or,you,ll miss,the early bus.,主谓=句子,One,can not see,wind,however,it,does exist.,两个句子,含有两个或者更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子叫并列句。并列句中,and连接两个或两个以上的句子成分时,不构成并,列句。,eg:You,she and I are all students.简单句,其他用法,bothand,neithernor连接两个句子成分时,,仍属于简单句。,eg:Both,he,and,I,like,English.,Martin,studies,neither English nor,Spanish.,and连接两个或两个以上的句子成分时,不构成并,并列句不一定用并列连词构成,有时可能用逗号或分号说明两个分句之间的意义为并列关系。,eg:The moon went down;the stars grew,pale;the cold day broke;the sun rose.,Hurry up,its getting late.,不含并列连词的并列句,不含并列连词的并列句,复,合句就是由主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成。,主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,只能作全句的一个句子成分,需要通过从属连词、关系代词、关系副词、连接副词等与主句连接起来。,一、宾语从句 主谓宾,二、定语从句,三、状语从句,主语从句 表语从句,句子成分:主语 谓语 宾语 补语 表语 定语 状语,复合句,复合句就是由主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成。,宾语从句在复合句中可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。,连词 并列(并列句),从属,(从句),1.及物动词后的宾语从句(动宾从句),由,从属连词,that,if,whether引导。是否,if 如果 条件状语从句,eg,:I think that(hell return in an hour).,主+谓 +宾语,(一个句子),He,asked,me,if/whether,Miss Gao was,a teacher.,宾语从句,宾语从句在复合句中可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词和某些形容词,由连接,代词,what,which,who,whose及wh-ever引导。在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。,eg:,She,doesnt know,what she should do,next.,She,doesnt know,what she should do,next.,what,she,should do,next.陈述,she should do _?,Can you tell me,whom you are waiting,for?,宾语从句,由连接代词what,which,who,whose及,由连接副词why,where,when,how引导,在句中担任状语的成分。,eg:,Could,you,tell,me,when the train will,leave?,Do you remember,how he came?,主+谓语 +宾语,时态 语序 引导词,宾语从句,由连接副词why,where,when,how引导,(4)介词后面的宾语从句(介宾从句),eg:Alice,is sorry for,what she said.,She always,thinks of,how she can,improve her spoken English.,宾语从句,(4)介词后面的宾语从句(介宾从句)宾语从句,某些形容词后的,宾语从句,eg,:,I am glad,that you can join us.,I am sorry,(,that,),I am late.,宾语从句,某些形容词后的宾语从句 宾语从句,2.引导词it代表宾语从句,在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,为了平衡句子结构,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从句置于宾语补足语的后面。,It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.形式主语,eg:,I think,it,necessary,(that we should do,more practice in English learning).,it=,that we should do more practice in,English learning 真正的宾语,宾语从句,2.引导词it代表宾语从句 宾语从句,3.宾语从句的语序,宾语从句必须是,陈述语序,,即按照主语+谓语的顺序。,eg:He asked me,what I did yesterday,afternoon.,Do you know,why winter is colder than,summer.,宾语从句,3.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句,4.宾语从句的时态,(1)当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响,可以按需要使用任何时态。,eg:I hear(that),hell be back,in a few days,.主:一般现在时态 从:一般将来,I,hear,he came back,a few days ago,.,主:一般现在 从:一般过去,宾语从句,4.宾语从句的时态 宾语从句,(2)当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态,以便保持与主句谓语动词时态的一致。,eg:She,said,she was much better,than before,.,主:过去时 从:一般过去,She,said,she,was reading,a story book at,seven yesterday.,主:一般过去 从:过去进行,He,told,me that he would take good care of,the baby.,主:过去 从句:过去将来,She,said,they,had seen,this film several,times.主:过去 从:过去完成,宾语从句,(2)当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的,5.否定转移,在主从复合句中,当主句的主语谓第一人称,谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。,eg:I dont think he will come with you.,I dont think you are right.,宾语从句,5.否定转移 宾语从句,6.宾语从句的简化,(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。,eg:I hope that I can receive your e-mail.,=I hope to receive your e-mail.,宾语从句,6.宾语从句的简化 宾语从句,(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构。,eg:She doesnt know what she should do,next.,=She doesnt know what to do next.,宾语从句,(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是,