,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Critical Thinking,Unit 2,Book II,Critical ThinkingUnit 2,Book,1,Text 1 Critical Thinking,Part I:(Paras.1 4)What is critical thinking?(definition),Para.1:Its a system for opening every existing system.,Para.2:,Or,critical thinking is thinking that analyzes thought,that assesses thought,and that transforms thought for the better.,Para.2:(There is,a third way,to talk about critical thinking)Its thinking about thinking while thinking in order to think better.,Para.4:,In other words,critical thinking,transforms thinking in two directions:more systematically and more comprehensively.,Text 1 Critical ThinkingPart,2,Part II:(Paras.5 6)Critical thinking is important.,Para.5:Its important because we,as creatures,are deeply determined by our thinking.,Para.6:Our future as a species is dependent on whether we can develop the wherewithal to raise our collective thinking so as to produce positive changes in societies across the world.,Part II:(Paras.5 6)Criti,3,Part III:(Paras.7 10):The task of developing critical societies is a Herculean one.,Para.7:topic sentence and background information.,Paras.8-10:There are many barriers to critical thought.,-Para.8:human egocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness,-Para.9:fear,human insecurity,human habits,bureaucracy,Part III:(Paras.7 10):Th,4,-Para.10:Then for us who are teaching,student resistance to critical thinking is an obstacle.mistaken notions,ignorance,our limited knowledge,stubbornness,our activated ignorance,(finally)our resistance to doing the intellectual work.,-Para.10:Then for us who,5,Part IV(Paras.11 15):How do we cultivate critical thinking?,Paras.11 and 12:This can be done only person-by-person through a process,which we call intellectual work.Think of the“Elements of Thought”.Are we in the habit of asking questions?,Paras.13 15:What standards do you use to assess your thinking and the thinking of others?,“I use the standards of clarity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logic and fairness.”,Part IV(Paras.11 15):How,6,The last two paras.:conclusion,Our students should learn to think critically so as to know how to change their thinking in keeping with the changes of the world.,The last two paras.:conclusi,7,What is critical thinking?,Why is it important for us?,Why is it so difficult?,How can we cultivate it?,What is critical thinking?,8,What is“being critical”?,Critic,comes from the Ancient Greek,meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis,and,criticism,is the activity of judgment or informed interpretation,which can be synonymous with analysis.,What is“being critical”?Criti,9,Being critical,in academic terms refers to two broad characteristics of a researchers way of thinking.,A critical researcher is always questioning.,asking question/expressing doubts:nothing is taken for granted.,scrutinizing evidence:Where there is a claim made,clarify the evidence that supports.,drawing a conclusion:check if the claims in question are credible-or not!,Being critical in academic,10,A critical researcher is open-minded,respectful of others(even while perhaps challenging their work),and constructive.,The objective of critical research is to advance knowledge,not to build ones own reputation or damage someone elses.,A critical researcher is open-,11,So,how do you understand“being critical”in reading?,So,how do you understand“bei,12,What do we mean by critical in reading?,read between lines,be inquisitive,judge credibility,comment rationally,reflect on oneself for improvement,What do we mean by critical,13,read between lines:,thinking carefully about what you read and why:not just looking for and reading the obvious,read between lines:thinking,14,be inquisitive:,questioning and testing what you read,e.g.“do the authors viewpoints and ideas appear justified?Why-or why not?”,asking good questions of others and of yourself,exploring further what is not adequately discussed in what you read,be inquisitive:,15,judge credibility:,judging what is believable and what is not,spotting and challenging potential bias,distorted views,prejudice,and self-interest-in the work of others,and in your own thinking,challenging ideas-where appropriate,and based on credible evidence,judge credibility:,16,comment rationally:,not just repeating the ideas of others,but looking for connections(or disparities),and constructing your own arguments supported by a range carefully considered viewpoints,comment rationally:not just r,17,reflect for improvement:,looking for gaps,and putting forward new or different solutions;,adapting your plan,your goal,your way of reading and learning based on your developing insights,reflect for improvement:,18,What is the“critical thinking”,stairway,?,What do people do when they think critically?,What is the“critical thinking,19,Discussion(I),When you have a problem,or simply when you want to do sth.,or achieve a certain goal,what do you do to arrive at the final destination?,Discussion(I)