,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,河南省人民医院血研所,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,河南省人民医院血研所,*,英语语法:名词的分类、单复数和所有格,英语语法:名词的分类、单复数和所有格,指人或事物的名称的词,名 词,指人或事物的名称的词名 词,名词,专有名词:,特定的人,地点等(首字母大写),例:,New,York,Yao Ming,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,能够以数计算的事物的名词,不能以数计算的事物的名词,单数名词,复数名词,?,例:液体,气体等。,milk,water,air,例:,pen,student,flowers,普通名词:,指一般的人,事物等,.,例:,apple,pen,doctor,金木水火土,肉面食茶布,名词专有名词:特定的人,地点等(首字母大写)普通名词可数名,可数名词的单数变复数,(,规则变化),直接在名词后加,s,例:,cake-cakes,leg-legs,2.,在以,s,sh,ch,x,结尾的名词后加,es,例:,dress-dresses,dish-dishes,watch-watches,box-boxes,3.,以,o,结尾的名词,一般加,s,,,但,tomato,potato,hero,之后加,e,s,可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化)直接在名词后加s,可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化),以,辅音字母,y,结尾的名词,把,y,改为,i,再加,e,s,:,例:,city-cities,family-families,5.,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,,变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,e,s,例:,leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化)以辅音字母y结尾的名,巧记以,f,或,fe,结尾的名称,树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命亡,leaf half self,wife knife,shelf wolf,thief life,巧记以f或fe结尾的名称,1.,单复数同形的名词:,中国人,日本人都非常喜欢绵羊,鱼和鹿,Chinese Japanese,sheep fish deer,可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化),1.单复数同形的名词:中国人,日本,2.,单复数不同形(特殊名词的变化):,1),改变中间元音,footfeet toothteeth goosegeese manmen womanwomen mouse-mice,2),词尾加,-en,或,-ren,childchildren oxoxen,可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化),2.单复数不同形(特殊名词的变化):可数名词的单数,名词单数变复数的发音规则,情况,构成方法,读音规则,例词,一般情况,词尾加,-s,(1),清辅音,/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/,等后读,/s/,maps,books,boats,(2),在浊辅,/b/,/d/,/g/,/,/,/l/,/m/,/n/,等和元音后读,/z/,verbs,birds,bags,kings,hills,names,pens,cars,trees,以,-s,-sh,-ch,-x,结尾的名词,词尾加,-es,读,/iz/,buses,watches,wishes,boxes,以,-o,结尾的名词,词尾加,-s,或,-es,读,/z/,radios,kangaroos,heroes,potatoes,以,-y,结尾的名词,(1),以辅音字母,+y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,加,-es,读,/iz/,cities,babies,(2),以元音字母,+y,结尾的名词,加,s,读,/z/,days,boys,toys,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,或,fe,为,v,,再加,es,读,/vz/,knives,leaves,名词单数变复数的发音规则情况构成方法读音规则例词一般情况词尾,写出下列各词的复数形式:,tomato,city,boy,radio,leaf,fly,photo,mouse,box,wife,Sunday,class,Chinese,zoo,exam,German,sheep,fish,beach,wish,glass,leaf,student,deer,baby,potato,写出下列各词的复数形式:,名词中表示所有关系的形式,名词所有格,名词中表示所有关系的形式名词所有格,所有格的构成方式,1.,由名词加,s,构成,通常用来表示有生命的东西,2.,由,of,加名词构成,通常用来表示没有生命的东西,所有格的构成方式1.由名词加s构成,通常用来表示有生命,.s,所有格,名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加,s,,读法和名词复数发音规则一样。,如:,Mary,s letter,the girl,s story,Miss Liu,s students,2.,复数名词所有格的变化形式,(,1,)如果,是,以,-s,或,-es,结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加,“,”,。,如:,the twins,bedroom,the students,books,(,2,)如果名词的复数形式,不是,以,-s,或,-es,结尾,它的所有格是直接加,s,。,如:,a children,s book(,儿童读物,),the men,s shoes,.s所有格名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加,3.,如果,两个人共同拥有,一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加,s,。,如:,Lucy and Lilys book,如果一样的物品,不是两个人共同拥有,而是各自都有时,它的所有格是在两个名后都加上,s,。,如:,Lucys and Lilys books,3.如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加,.,由,of+,名词构成的所有格,由,of+,名词构成的所有格通常用来表示,无生命,的东西的所有关系。,如:,the four legs of a desk,a map of China,the capital of America,.由of+名词构成的所有格 由of+名词构成,Exercises,用所给名词的适当形式填空,:,1.Are there any,(peach)on the table?,2.They are some young,(woman).,3.The,(children)is playing in the garden.,4.Some,(goose)are swimming in the river.,5.Would you like some,(fish)?,6.How many,(radio)can you see on the bookcase?,7.Are there any,(boy)in the library?,8.One policeman caught three,(thief)yesterday.,Exercises用所给名词的适当形式填空:,Exercises,请用,is/are,填空,1.There,some water in the bottle.,2.There,an orange on the table.,3.There,many fish in the pool.,4.There,some leaves on the ground.,Exercises请用is/are填空,Exercises,请用,How much/How many,填空,1.,juice do you want?,2.,bottles of juice do you want?,3.,people are there in your family?,4.,pencils do you have?,5.,mutton is there in the fridge?,Exercises请用How much/How many填空,名词所有格练习,Translate these phase below.,教室的窗户 美国的首都 桌子的四条腿,学校的大门 老师们的办公室 男人们的衣服,Linda,的课本,Peter,和,Bill,的爸爸 奶奶的眼镜,Lucys mother and Lilys mother,teachers of our school,the foot of the hill,名词所有格练习Translate these phase,Homework,1.,复习并背诵名词单数变复数的规则,2.,写出,20,个不可数名词(,1+1,),3.,写出,30,个可数名词,并写出其复数形式(,1+1,),Homework,