单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子的种类,句子的种类,英语句子作为语言单位,从语言交际功能或使用目的方面可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。从结构看分为三个类型:简单句、并列句和复合句。,英语句子作为语言单位,从语言交际功能或使用目的方面可分为四类,I.,陈述句的否定式应注意以下几个问题,1.no,与,not,都表示否定,,no,是形容词,not,是副词。,no+,名词相当于,not a(any)+,名词。如,:,(,1,),He made no mistakes in the exercises.=He did not make any mistakes in the exercises.,前者多用于书面语,后者多用于口语。,与动词,be,连用时,,not,是一般陈述,,no,是强调句型。如:,(2)He is not a fool.,(他不是傻瓜。),(3)He is no fool.,(他决不是傻瓜。),I.陈述句的否定式应注意以下几个问题1.no与not,2.,否定程度的不同表达,(,1,)基本否定 用,hardly,seldom,little,few,等词。如:,The old woman can hardly read.,那老太太几乎不识字。,(,2,)部分否定 用,all,both,every(one)+not.,如:,All the girls dont like bright colors.=Not all the girls like bright colors.=Some girls dont like bright colors.,并不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色。,2.否定程度的不同表达,(,3,)完全否定 用,no,none,nobody,nothing,neither,等,如:,None of the answers are right.=All the answers are wrong.,注意:,anyone,anything,anybody,做主语时,谓语动词不可用否定式。如须表示否定,要改为完全否定句。如:,不能说,Anybody cant live without air.,要改为,Nobody can live without air.,(,4,)带有否定前缀的词,虽然意义是否定的,但在语法上被认为是肯定句。如,:He is unwelcome here,isnt he?,(3)完全否定 用no,none,nobody,not,3.,否定转移 在,I(We)think(suppose,believe,expect,imagine),等,+,宾语从句结构中,从句中的,not,常移至主句的谓语动词中,附加疑问句则用肯定形式。如:,I dont think you will be angry with me,will you?,3.否定转移 在I(We)think(suppos,II,几种特殊的反意疑问句,1.,陈述句中有,must,might,等表示推测时,附加问句中动词形式由陈述句中谓语动词原时态形式来决定。如:,(1)He must be from the north,isnt he?(must be,的原时态形式是,is),(2)She must have come yesterday,didnt she?(must have come,的原时态形式为,came),(3)Tom might have been there many times,hasnt he?(might have been,的原时态形式为,has been),注意陈述部分的,must,表示“有必要”时,附加问句中要用,neednt,,但当表示“禁止”时,则附加问句中用,must,。如,:,(,1,),You must go home right now,neednt you?(,有必要,),(,2,),You must walk on grass,must you?(,禁止,),II几种特殊的反意疑问句1.陈述句中有must,might,2.,陈述部分有,I am,时,附加问句中要用,arent I.,如:,I am your teacher,arent I?,美语中用,amnt I,3.,陈述部分有,ought to,used to,时,附加问句中可有几种形式。,(1)He ought to known what to do,oughtnt(shouldnt)he?,(2)You used to live in Beijing,usednt(usent/didnt)you?,2.陈述部分有I am时,附加问句中要用arent I.,4.,陈述部分是,everyone,someone,no one,等不定代词时,附加问句中主语代词可用,they,,也可用,he,。如:,Everyone knows the answer,doesnt he(dont they)?,但若陈述部分有,his,或,their,出现时,附加问句中则只能用相应的代词。如:,No one has lost his wallet,has he?(,陈述部分有,his),4.陈述部分是everyone,someone,no o,5.,祈使句变反意疑问句 当祈使句为肯定式时,附加疑问句可以是肯定式或否定式;祈使句为否定式时,附加疑问句只能用肯定式。如:,(1)Come down quickly,will you?,Come down quickly,wont you?,(2)Dont talk in class,will you?,5.祈使句变反意疑问句 当祈使句为肯定式时,附加疑问句可以是,6.,(1)Lets go to the cinema,shall we?,(2)Let us read your book,will you?,注意:若祈使句中是,Let me,时,附加问句中可以用,will you,或,wont you,,也可以用,may I,。,6.,III,反诘句(否定疑问句),1,反诘句常用来表示惊异、赞叹、责备、建议等。如:,(1)Wont you have another cup of coffee?,(建议),(2)Why are you so late?Didnt I tell you to come early?,(责备),2.,用英语回答否定疑问句时,习惯上与汉语不同,应该根据事实而定。事实是肯定的用,Yes,,否则用,No,。,(1)“Isnt she a doctor?”“Yes,she is.”,(2)“He hasnt has his supper,has he?”,“No,he hasnt.”,III反诘句(否定疑问句)1反诘句常用来表示惊异、赞叹、责备,IV,感叹句 除了两个常见句型外,陈述句、一个词组、甚至一个词加上感叹号,都可视为感叹句,表示惊异、喜悦、赞赏等。如:,(1)What a beautiful flower it is!,(2)How(hard)the wind blows!,(,How,可直接修饰动词),(3)Thats great!,IV感叹句 除了两个常见句型外,陈述句、一个词组、甚至一个词,V,英语句子按结构可以分为三种类型:简单句、并列句和复合句。要注意以下几点:,1.,汉语中有“因为,所以,”“,虽然,但是,”,的结构,而英语的,because,与,so,although(though),与,but,却分属不同的连词,不能同时使用。但,although(though),可与,yet,(副词)连用。,2.,当连词连接两个句子时,一定要注意句子结构的完整。如:,不能说,Because hadnt enough money,he couldnt buy the bike.,可以说,Because he hadnt enough money,he couldnt buy the bike.,3.,汉语的分句可以靠意思来连接,英语却要用连词。如:要想身体好,就得努力锻炼。,If you want to be in good health,you must train hard.(,不能缺连接词,if),连接词在英语句子结构中起着非常重要的作用。,V英语句子按结构可以分为三种类型:简单句、并列句和复合句。要,