单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,实用口译,Unit 9,Sentence structure,and interpreting,Outline,1.Introduction,2.Techniques of interpreting long sentences(C-E),interpreting in the original order,顺译法,interpreting by rearrangement,变序法,interpreting by combination,并句法,sentence splitting,断句法,sentence pattern transformation,and words addition,改换句型和加词,3.Interpreting Exercises,4.Performance Appraisal,5.stock words and phrases,Introduction,形合,vs.,意合,a.“(如果)他不来,我就来。(假设),b.“(因为)他不来,我来。(因果),c.“(即使)他不来,我(也)来。(让步),d.“他不来,(但)我来。(转折),他不来我来。,状语从句,承前启后,地理位置,东方明珠播送电视塔位于黄浦江畔、浦东陆家嘴尖上，塔高468米，三面环水，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望，是亚洲第一，世界第三高塔。,排名,The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower stands at the Huangpu River and at the point of Lujiazui.(,地理位置,)Surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated Western architectures in the Bund across the river,the 468-meter-tall tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.,The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower;building of Western architectures;the Bund;rank,v,.;,高度及排名,逻辑严密,Techniques of Interpreting Long Sentences,1.,interpreting in the original order,顺译法,前提条件：,汉语的句子顺序和逻辑顺序与英语表达的习惯大致相同,自90年代初以来，美国对外使用武力就达40屡次，试图把自己的意志强加在别国的头上。,Since the early 1990s,the United States has used its military force overseas more than 40 times,trying to impose its will on other countries.,在教育方面，白人平均受教育12.8年，而黑人和拉裔美国人那么分别只有11.8年和9.3年。,With respect to education,whites,on average,get 12.8 years of education,while blacks and Hispanics partake in only 11.8 years and 9.3 years respectively.,更糟糕的是，以美国为首的北约还悍然用导弹袭击中国驻南联盟大使馆，杀害了,3,名中国新闻记者，造成使馆馆舍严重损坏，严重侵犯了中国主权和人权。,Worse still,the US-led NATO went so far as to flagrantly launch missile attacks against the Chinese embassy,killed 3 Chinese journalists and seriously damaging embassy buildings,an act in gross violation of Chinese sovereignty and human rights.,2.,interpreting by rearrangement,变序法,汉语：一连串的“措施意义的并列动宾结构，最后出现目的状语。,目的状语提前翻译变序-句子逻辑关系清楚；篇章逻辑严密；防止头重脚轻,我们应该互相尊重，树立信心，防止对抗，增强对抗，以建立两国间长久的战略伙伴关系。,In order to establish long-term strategic partnership between the two countries,we should respect each other,build up confidence,avoid confrontation and increase dialogue.,我们必须加强企业管理，提高生产效率，改善劳动条件，增强竞争意识，为中国参加世贸组织做好准备。,In order to get ourselves prepared for Chinas entry into WTO,we must strengthen our business management,raise efficiency in production,improve working conditions,and enhance our sense of competition.,3.interpreting by combination,并句法,意思紧密的两个或多个汉语句子并句翻译,行文方便、意思紧凑。,美国的军费开支世界第一。,1999,年，美国军费高达,2879,亿美元，约为欧盟、日本、俄罗斯以及中国总和的,1.5,倍。,The United States ranks first in military spending in the world,with the1999 figure totaling US$287.9 billion,about 150 percent of the combined military expenditures of the EU,Japan,Russia and China.,他用辛辛苦苦积攒了五年的钱买了一架照相机。,然后，他带着它走遍全国，拍摄了许多祖国名胜古迹的照片。,With the money he had saved hard for five years,he bought a camera,with which he then traveled around the country,taking numerous pictures of the scenic spots and places of historic interest of our motherland.,要懂得电影是怎样工作的，我们首先必须知道这样一个事实：即我们的眼睛有一种被称为“视觉留存的奇特习性。靠着这种习性，我们的眼睛能在像光源这种东西消失之后的一刹那间继续“看到它。,To understand how motion pictures work,we must first know the fact that our eyes have a peculiar habit,called“persistence of vision,by means of which they can continue to“see something,e.g.a source of light,for a moment after its disappearance.,汉语,重意合,主谓结构不明显,句子靠内在联系贯穿,结构松散,英语,重形合,主谓结构是全句之纲,链接手段使主谓结构和其它成分挂钩,结构严密,顺译法、变序法、并句法 断句法、加词法、改换句型,e.g.上海浦东新区地处中国海岸线中点和长江出口处的交汇处，紧靠繁华的上海市区，背倚物阜民丰的长江三角洲，面对太平洋及东南亚的兴旺国家和地区，有着得天独厚的地理优势。,The Pudong New Area lies at the mid-point of Chinas coastline where the Changjiang River empties into the see.Adjacent to the prosperous downtown area of Shanghai,backed by the rich and populous Changjiang Delta and facing the Pacific and Southeast Asian developed countries and regions,it enjoys a unique geographic advantage.,Technique of splitting,e.g.,一定要言行一致，理论与实践紧密结合，反对华而不实和任何虚套，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。,Deeds and words must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting.There must be less empty talk and more hard work.We must be steadyfast and dedicated.,Technique of Sentence Transformation and Words Addition,无主句,e.g.,努力实现和平统一，中国人不打中国人。,Since,Chinese should not attack Chinese,we,must strive for the peaceful reunification of the motherland.,e.g.,要尊重台湾同胞的生活方式和当家作主的愿望，保护台湾同胞的一切正当权益。,We,should fully respect their lifestyle and their wish to be masters of our country and protect their legitimate rights and interests.,e.g.,记住，听音乐会必须保持安静。,e.g.,要是喜欢，就留下。,e.g.,没有调查就没有发言权。,You must remember to remain still when you attend a concert.,You may keep it if you like it.,He/Anyone who makes no investigation has no right to speak./No investigation,no right to speak.,无主句加主语,-,不定人称代词,one,we,you,he,they,不定代词,anyone,等等,Technique of Sentence Transformation and Words Addition,2.,英汉句子结构的差异性,e.g.,进行海峡两岸的和平统一谈判，是我们的一贯主张。,Version 1:,To hold negotiations with Taiwan au