,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,LOGO,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,汉英笔译基础教程,Basics of Chinese to English Translation,汉英笔译基础教程Basics of Chinese to E,附录,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,II,CATTI,汉译英方法,III,专八翻译技巧及真题,I,附录上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析IICATTI汉译英方法II,专八翻译技巧,（,一）迅速正确地确定英译的主语,根据句中逻辑关系和行文需要，突出相关信息，综合考虑主语的确立。,例：,，的确不在题材大小。,subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor,（,by which),朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交，反之，则离、则绝。,For the relationship between friends,similar habits and tempers,help to make it closer;on the other hand,opposite ones leave,distance from each other.,逻辑关系应该是情趣、脾气使朋友关系更合，译为主语，而非“朋友”,做主语。,专八翻译技巧（一）迅速正确地确定英译的主语例：，的确不在,专八翻译技巧,（二）谓语最小化原则,1,使用介词短语,例：用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,in what way the young generation should embrace the,forthcoming new century replete with hopes(is,2,使用不定式短语,例：看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知,(has enabled us),to see many places,to visit old friends,while making new acquaintances.,专八翻译技巧（二）谓语最小化原则例：用什么样的姿态迎接充满希,专八翻译技巧,3,使用形容词表动词含义,例：所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。,and therefore all men are strongly attached to her.,专八翻译技巧 3使用形容词表动词含义例：所以人,专八翻译技巧,（三）分析句子之间的逻辑关系,例：人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优,点。,Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good,in a new acquaintance.,（因果关系）,愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。,However,the more you have,the more sober you become until,the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed.,用事物做主语比用人做主语更客观，应根据逻辑增补适当单词。,专八翻译技巧（三）分析句子之间的逻辑关系例：人是很有趣的，往,专八翻译技巧,（四）倒装,例：,很困难,Difficult as it is to,每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾,便惶惶不可终 日。,So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the,physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and,dearest ones that merely a minor disease would enduringly,weigh on his mind.,注意英文表达习惯中的句子结构倒装。,专八翻译技巧（四）倒装例：很困难,专八翻译技巧,（五）名词词组与分句互译,5W1H,的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词，如,when,（时间）、,where,（地点）、,what,（事物）、,Who,（人选）、,why,（原因）。,例：改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。,by changing peoples opinions on what is“important”and what,is not.,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。,rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the,Chinese inhabit.,专八翻译技巧（五）名词词组与分句互译例：改变人们对“重要”和,专八翻译技巧,（六）汉语多词归一，英语避免重复,例：英年早逝,untimely death,summer death,专八翻译技巧（六）汉语多词归一，英语避免重复例：英年早逝,专八翻译技巧,（七）主动与被动,汉语被动句很少，而英语中被动句表现更客观，使用频率也高。,例：必须,be required to,观众可以,visitors are allowed to,专八翻译技巧（七）主动与被动例：必须,专八翻译技巧,（八）正式用语,专八翻译中口语体的文章很少，译者要注意一些正式语体的使用。,例：开始了艰难的求学旅程。,embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit,每个地方都有自己的传说。,Each place boasts its folklore.,专八翻译技巧（八）正式用语例：开始了艰难的求学旅程。,专八翻译技巧,（九）注意时态,翻译时须注意选择合适的时态。,例：中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。,Ancient Chinese always regard not confined by material,not,driven by material as the major philosophy.,描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时即可。,专八翻译技巧（九）注意时态例：中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,（,一）分清主次，突出重点,汉语中的并列句，英译时可以把主要信息译为完整的句子，把次要信心以独立结构的形式体现。,例：正本清源，对症下药,by tracing the proper origin and suiting the remedy to the,situation.,青浦地区江河纵横,海上贸易自古繁盛。,Facilitated by a network of waterways,overseas trade in Qingpu,area has thrived since ancient times.,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析（一）分清主次，突出重点例：正本,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,（二）长句切分，当断则断,高口历来的重点都是长难句，英译时应灵活切分。,例：今天，中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来,发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。,Today,China commits itself firmly to peaceful development.It,seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace.,The world peace is,in turn,enhanced by Chinas development.,适当切分可以使英译句子意义清晰，结构精简。,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析（二）长句切分，当断则断例：今天,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,（三）谓语最小化（动词转译）,1,动词变成名词,例：坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破,adhering to the principle of prevention first,comprehensive,control,entire push-on and key-point breakthrough,2,使用介词短语,例：河流蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼,the winding rivers with sparkling ripples,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析（三）谓语最小化（动词转译）例：,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,3,使用分词短语,例：中国展示了一个负责任大国的襟怀，赢得世贸成员和国际舆论的,佳评。,China has shown its largeness of mind as a great and,responsible country/nation,gaining acclamations from WTO,members and international public opinion.,4,使用不定式短语,例：,重温那段血与火的悲壮历史,，,在今天仍然具有十分重要的,意义。,It is still of great significance today for us to review the,buskined history of fire and blood,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析例：中国展示了一个负责任大国的襟,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,5,把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成,which,引导的非限制性定语从句,例：有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。,And they will apologize without hesitation shortly after they,lose their temper,which is a rarity.,6,使用形容词表动词含义,例：,上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重,女性。,Shanghai men are aggressive in their career and responsible to,their families and respectful to females.,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析例：有时候他会发火，但事后不久，,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,（四）名词词组与分句互译,汉语名词词组转换成英文,5W1H,句子结构。,例：雅的不再雅，俗的则更俗。,what had meant to be elegant were no longer elegant;what had,been considered vulgar were made even more vulgar.,（五）定语和定语从句,英语以定语后置为主，汉语则以前置为主。,例：环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓,the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and,ecological destruction has slowed down,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析（四）名词词组与分句互译例：雅的,上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析,（六）主动转被动,碰到无主句时首先考虑使用被动语态。,例：要强调国际监管核心原则和标准的一致性。,Emphasis should be placed on the consistency of core,p,rinciples,and standards of international regulatory,（七）省词及添词,根据语法、意义要求等增补或删除部分单词。,例：中国表现了承担义务的强烈意愿，并且