单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分,句子成分,1,*,句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫句子的成分。,总的来说，一个完整的句子包括以下两部分：,句子,主语部分,:,发出动作的人或物,谓语部分,:,动作,/,谓语动词,例,:,我开门,.,例,:,这本书非常有趣。,*句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫句子的成分。句子主语,2,句子,1.,主语,2.,谓语,3.,宾语,4.,表语,5.,定语,6.,状语,7.,补语,8.,同位语,*,但是具体来分，一个句子可分为以下各种成分：,句子 1.主语2.谓语 3.宾语4.表语5.定语6.状语7,3,1.,主语：,主语,(subject),是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。,例,:,那个学生问了老师一些问题,.,例,:,今天的天气非常好,.,1.主语：主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物，是,4,2.,谓语（,predicate),：,谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，,谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。,位置一般放于主语后面。,例,:,他工作非常努力,.,例,:,他在字典里查出了这个单词,.,2.谓语（predicate)：谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态,5,3.,宾语（,object),：,宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。,英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。,例,:,他们将不会伤害我们,.,例,:,他在上个星期放弃吸烟了,.,动宾,介宾,3.宾语（object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者,6,4.,表语：,表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构,可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语以及表语从句等。,例,:,这种水果尝起来味道很好,.,例,:,那个女孩变得非常担心,.,4.表语：表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于,7,5.,定语,:(attribute),定语（,attribute,）是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。,这是一节生动有趣的课,有一些难题要处理,5.定语:(attribute)定语（attribute）,8,.,状语,:(adverbial),状语（,adverbial,）是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。,表时间：,yesterday,today,tomorrow,表地点：,in China,at the airport,昨天，我在教室里看见一个学生,.状语:(adverbial)状语（adverbial）,9,表原因,:because,as,for,since,他因为生病所以今天没有去上学,表结果：,to+do,v+ing,从句,他匆匆忙忙赶往车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。,表目的,:in order to,in order that,for the purpose,为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力,表原因:because,as,for,since,10,表条件,:,as/so,long as,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩,表让步,:in spite of,despite,although,though,他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我,表程度,:very,enough,to some extent,那里的风景非常漂亮,表条件:as/so long as,if,unles,11,表方式,:like that,as,as if,不要那样看我,表伴随状况：,老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书,表方式:like that,as,as if不要那,12,.,补语,:(complement),补语,主语补足语：,宾语补足语：,补充说明主语的动作或状态,补充说明宾语的动作或状态,Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.,I found that book,interesting.,.补语:(complement)补语主语补足语：宾语补足,13,8.,同位语,:(appositive),当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。,我们有两个孩子，一男一女,那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车,8.同位语:(appositive)当两个同一事物的句子成,14,Pop,a German volunteer,who,works in the Olympics language,service,said,“I am looking forward to the Beijing,Olympics,as it will be my first,volunteer experience in the,Olympics.”,Pop,a German volunteer,15,基本句型,基本句型,16,1.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语（,S+Link.V+P,），说,明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。,You are students.,连系动词,1.be,动词,(am,is,are,was,were),2.,表状态变化的动词,(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay),3.,感官动词,(look,smell,hear,feel,),+,表语,1.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说You,17,2.,主语,+,不及物动词,(S+Vi.),注：,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,The car accident was happened,yesterday.,You will graduate next year.,The sun rises in the east.,2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.)注：不及物动词不,18,3.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语（,S+Vt+O,）,I like my job very much.,He grew some vegetables.,Each of you has a dream.,注：及物动词可用于被动语态,People use a great deal of water in that city,.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）I li,19,4.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,(S+Vt+O,i,+O,d,),双宾语,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,sing,save,等。,常跟双宾语的动词：,Who can find me the eraser?,Pass me the eraser.,4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 bring,giv,20,We saw,We saw,We saw,5.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,(S+Vt+O+C),复合宾语,注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、,副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。,We sawWe sawWe saw5.主语+及物动词+宾语,21,简单句之歌：,I like Beijing Tiananmen,Vt.,之后要接宾。,Vi.,加介也接宾，,We all live in Beijing.,系动词之后是表语，,We are happy in Beijing.,位置互换是双宾，名形非谓来补宾。,简单句之歌：,22,Homework:,句子成分随堂练习,找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分,英语句子中的成分课件,23,Last week I went to the supermarket.,The play was very interesting.,I cant hear a word.,They were talking loudly.,Last week I went to the superm,24,It was Sunday.,I never get up early on Sundays.,I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.,It was Sunday.,25,I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.,My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.,I read a few lines,but I didn,26,I got up early and bought thirty cards.,He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.,I got up early and bought thir,27,He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia,.,He calls at every house in the street,once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.,He has just bought a car and h,28,Thank you!,Thank you!,29,