题型三语法填空,题型三语法填空,1,命题特点,2,解题技巧,1命题特点2解题技巧,命题特点,命题特点,语法填空题设置为一篇留空的短文,一般为,10,个空,要求考生在理解短文的基础上,根据语法正确和上下文连贯的要求,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式,(,通常有,3,个空没有给出提示词,),。语法填空题主要考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力和熟练运用语法的能力。具体考查点如下:,语法填空题设置为一篇留空的短文,一般为10个空,要求考生在理,1,空白直接填空,常见的填词有以下几种:固定搭配、冠词、介词、连词,(,并列连词、从属连词等,),、感叹词、,it,等。,(1),冠词:泛指、特指或固定搭配。,(,低频考点,),(2),介词:基本用法或固定搭配。,(3),连词:判断其连接的是并列句还是从句。,(4),其他:,however,,,either,等根据语境、逻辑关系和句意可以直接填出的词,。,1空白直接填空,2,用所给单词的适当形式填空,所给词常见类别:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。,(1),名词提示:名词复数等词形变化。,(2),动词提示:时态、语态、非谓语动词等词形变化。,(3),形容词、副词提示:比较级、最高级等词形变化。,(4),代词提示:宾格、物主代词、反身代词等词形变化。,2用所给单词的适当形式填空,解题技巧,解题技巧,(2020,宁夏,),Li Wen is a 15yearold boy.He works hard and _1_(do)well in school.It is hard to believe that he used to have _2_(difficulty)in school.When he was a little boy,,,he seldom caused any problems,,,and his family _3_(spend)a lot of time together._4_,,,things began to change a few years ago.,真题剖析,(2020宁夏)真题剖析,His parents moved to the city to work,,,and they could not be at home to look _5_ him.So he became less interested in _6_(study)and was absent from classes.Then his parents were so worried _7_ they decided to send him to a boarding school.He found life there difficult.One day he told his teacher that he wanted to leave the school.His teacher advised his parents to talk with _8_(they)son in person.This conversation changed his life.He realized that his parents would always love him,,,and they would be _9_(pride)of everything good that he did.Now he is much _10_(happy)and more outgoing than he used to be.,His parents moved to the city,1._ 2._,3._,4._,5._6._,7._8._,9._10._,does,difficulties,spent,However,after,studying,that,their,proud,happier,1._ 2._ doe,【,文章大意,】,由于李文的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顾他,他变得厌学并想离开学校,老师建议父母与他谈一谈,李文通过谈话意识到父母对他的爱,变得更开心也更外向了。,【文章大意】,【,解析,】,1,does,根据语境及并列连词,and,前面的时态,(works),可知,此处讲的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时;主语“,He”,为单数第三人称,谓语动词应用单三式。故填,does,。,命题点:动词的时态,2,difficulties,根据语境可知,此处指李文过去在学校有困难,强调的是具体意义上的困难的事,应用复数形式。故填,difficulties,。,命题点:名词的复数,【解析】,3,spent,根据语境可知,此处说的是李文小时候的事情,结合并列连词,and,前面的时态,(caused),可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填,spent,。,命题点:动词的时态,4,However,根据语境可知,在李文小的时候,他的家人花很多时间待在一起,然而几年前事情发生了变化,他的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顾他。空格前后构成转折关系,结合空格后的逗号可知,此处应填表转折的副词,however,,且注意首字母要大写。故填,However,。,命题点:逻辑推理,3spent根据语境可知,此处说的是李文小时候的事情,结,5,after,根据语境可知,此处指李文的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顾他。,look after,是固定搭配,意为“照顾”。故填,after,。,命题点:固定搭配,6,studying,此处应用动名词形式作介词,in,的宾语。故填,studying,。,命题点:非谓语动词,(,动名词,),7,that,句意:然后他的父母如此担忧以至于他们决定把他送去一所寄宿学校。,so.that.,是固定搭配,意为“如此,以至于,”,。故填,that,。,命题点:固定搭配,5after根据语境可知,此处指李文的父母到城市去工作不,8,their,句意:他的老师建议他的父母亲自和他们的儿子谈一谈。空格后有名词“,son”,,此处应用形容词性物主代词。故填,their,。,命题点:代词的用法,(,变形,),9,proud,be proud of,是固定搭配,意为“为,骄傲”,此处应用,pride,的形容词形式。故填,proud,。,命题点:固定搭配,(,词形变化,/,词性转换,),10,happier,根据空格前的“,much”,及后面的“,than”,可知,此处应用比较级形式。故填,happier,。,命题点:形容词的比较等级,8their句意:他的老师建议他的父母亲自和他们的儿子谈,1,给出提示词的空,(1),若所给单词为名词,一般会从它的复数形式、形容词形式等方面考查。,(2),若所给单词为动词,一般会围绕时态、语态、第三人称单数形式以及非谓语动词进行考查,有时也会考查词性转换,(,如变为名词或形容词,),。这就需要根据上下文语境及分析句子成分加以判别。,方法点拨,1给出提示词的空方法点拨,(3),若所给单词为形容词或副词,一般会考查它的比较级、最高级形式或者其副词或形容词形式。这就需要掌握形容词变副词的相关规则以及形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成形式。,(4),若所给词为代词,一般会考查宾格、物主代词或反身代词形式。在动词或介词后作宾语时要用代词的宾格;在名词前做限定词或相当于名词时要用物主代词;强调“某人亲自做某事”以及在一些固定搭配中,(,如,enjoy oneself),常用反身代词,。,(3)若所给单词为形容词或副词,一般会考查它的比较级、最高级,2,没有提示词的空,这类题型相较上面的而言,略有难度。因为没有任何提示信息,考生一定要弄清句意及所填词的词性,并结合平时所学的语法知识,作出答案预测,对于有把握的答案可先填入空白处,然后逐一解决困难的选项。一般而言,没有任何提示的空常会考查如下内容:,(1),冠词,:此类题通常考查冠词的基本用法以及固定搭配。如:,a lot of,,,the same as,。,2没有提示词的空,(,2),介词,:此类题会考查介词的基本用法,也涉及动词与介词,(,或副词,),的搭配,(,如:,wait for,,,turn down),、形容词与介词的搭配,(,如:,be interested in,,,be strict with),或相关介词短语,(,如:,at least,,,as a result),。,(3),连接词,:此类题要求根据上下文的语意逻辑关系,填入合适的连接词。主要分为两种类型,一种是并列连词,(,如:,and,,,but,,,or,,,so),,另一种是主从复合句连接词,即从句的引导词,,(,如:,that,,,whether,,,which,,,who,,,whom,,,where,,,when,,,why,,,how,等,),。,(2)介词:此类题会考查介词的基本用法,也涉及动词与介词(或,(,4),固定句式,:此类题也会考查一些常用的固定句式及搭配。如:,too.to.,,,so.that.,,,as.as.,(5),其他考查点,:,it,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法;,感叹句引导词,(what,和,how),;,部分根据语境、逻辑关系及句意可以直接填出的词,【,如:,either,用在否定句句末;,however,表转折,(,通常在句首,且有逗号与后面句子隔开,,2020,宁夏中考已考,)】,;,形容词作表语,通常不变形,(,如,2019,宁夏中考考查了,nervous,作,表语,),(4)固定句式:此类题也会考查一些常用的固定句式及搭配。如:,【,注:,形容词通常在,look,,,sound,,,taste,,,smell,等感官系动词或,be,动词后作表语;形容词原级前常有,very,,,so,,,too,,,quite,,,really,等修饰词;在,not as/so.as.,结构中形容词要用原级,】,;,不定式符号,to(,如,2019,宁夏中考考查了不定式作目的状语,需填不定式符号,to)【,注意常考句型结构中的,to,:,Its,adj.,(for/of sb.)to do sth.,;,Its time,(for sb.)to do sth.】,;,【注:形容词通常在look,sound,taste,smel,动词不定式作使役动词,make,,,let,和感官动词,see,,,hear,等的宾语补足语时,通常省略不定式符号,to,,即,make/let/see/hear/.sb.do sth.(,注意,see,,,hear,等感官动词也可接现在分词作宾语补足语,需要根据语境确定,),;,在情态动词,can,,,should,或,had better,等后要用动词原形。,动词不定式作使役动词make,let和感官动词see,he,技巧训练,(,一,)(2020,绍兴,),About 20 million children in America attend summer camp every year,,,according to America Association(ACA),They look forward to _1_(spend)time there with friends.,技巧训练(一)(2020绍兴),But with socialdistancing(,社交距离,)rules in _2_ United States,,,many summer camps face difficult decisions.Can they _3_(safe)welcome campers this year,?,Do they need to close for the season,?,Or should _4_ change how they carry out their programs?,“Most camps are asking not only when they