,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,锡铁山SEDEX型铅锌矿床成矿物质来源探讨,锡铁山SEDEX型铅锌矿床成矿物质来源探讨,1,锡铁山铅锌矿床是我国西部地区规模最大的铅锌矿床之一,研究其成矿物质来源,是研究矿床成因中一个至关重要又极为复杂的问题。本文即是在对铅同位素、硫同位素、铷锶同位素及氢、氧、碳等同位素综合分析的基础上,对锡铁山铅锌矿床成矿物质来源进行系统的论述。,锡铁山铅锌矿床是我国西部地区规模最大的铅锌矿床之,2,提 纲,1.区域地质及矿床地质,2.成矿物质来源特征,3.成矿溶液来源特征,4.结论,提 纲1.区域地质及矿床地质,3,1.区域地质及矿床地质,锡铁山铅锌矿床位于青海省柴达木盆地北缘(图1),我国西部重要,成矿区带塞什腾-绿梁山-锡铁山加里东褶皱岩系中。矿区构造线方,向与区域构造线方向一致,呈北西-南东向展布。,图1 柴达木北缘地质略图(据邬介人等,1987局部修改),1-第四系;2-第三系;3-白垩系;4-侏罗系;5-下石炭统;6-上泥盆统;7-上奥陶统火山岩;8-元古宇;9-华力西期花岗岩;10-加里东期辉长岩;11-加里东期超基性岩;12-矿区,1.区域地质及矿床地质锡铁山铅锌矿床位于青海省柴达木盆地北缘,4,区内褶皱基底出露在北缘,由元古代的达肯大板群(Pt,1dk,)的混合岩、片麻岩及片岩等变质岩系组成。矿区内主要出露奥陶统滩间山群(O,tn,)含矿岩系以及上泥盆统(D,3a,)和下石炭统(C,1,)砂砾岩系。矿区火山活动较强烈,主要火山喷发物为中基性火山岩基性凝灰岩、玄武岩夹安山岩和中酸性火山岩流纹岩及英安岩等。,锡铁山铅锌矿床主要赋存于上奥陶统滩间山群c岩组中,自下至上分为,三个岩性组(李峰等,柴达木盆地北缘滩间山群新厘定,2006):,(下部)火山碎屑岩组(O,h,1-2t,),(中部)沉积岩组(O,c,3-t,)及(上部)溶岩次火山岩组(O,y,3t,)。,区内褶皱基底出露在北缘,由元古代的达肯大板群(,5,2成矿物质来源特征,2.1铅同位素组成特征,1)大理岩型矿体中Zn/(Pb+Zn)比值低,较稳定。在,0.49-0.59,之间变化;相对于大理岩型矿体,片岩型矿体Zn/(Pb+Zn)比值变化较大,在,0.41-0.87,之间。,据Lydon(1984)等经大量研统计究表明,锡铁山矿床Zn/(Pb+Zn)在,0.41-0.87,之间,成矿物质来源应主要与下伏英安流纹质火山岩和沉积岩有关。,2)大理岩型矿体中矿石硫化物中,206,Pb/,204,Pb,,207,Pb/,204,Pb,,208,Pb/,204,Pb的变化范围分别为17.650-18.467,15.106-15.813,37.447-39.30,与围岩变英安流纹岩中铅同位素组成基本一致。片岩型矿体中矿石硫化物中,206,Pb/,204,Pb,,207,Pb/,204,Pb,,208,Pb/,204,Pb的变化范围分别为18.060-18.284,15.421-15.648,37.993-38.631,与围岩硅质岩中铅同位素组成相近(表1、表2、表3)。,2成矿物质来源特征 2.1铅同位素组成特征 1)大理岩型矿,6,表1,锡铁山矿床大理岩型矿体硫化物铅同位素组成特征,样品名称,样品数,206,Pb/,204,Pb,207,Pb/,204,Pb,208,Pb/,204,Pb,变化范围,平均,变化范围,平 均,变化范围,平均,伟晶状,方铅矿,2,18.25918.32,18.29,15.58715.68,15.63,38.16838.71,38.439,块状方铅矿,5,17.7318.45,18.09,15.54515.766,15.66,37.44739.30,38.374,条带状,方铅矿,3,17.65018.467,18.059,15.10615.813,15.460,36.92739.206,38.067,似脉状方铅矿,1,17.947,15.328,37.565,条带状(硅质),黄铁闪锌矿石,1,18.339,15.729,38.737,条带状(硅质),铅锌矿石,2,18.35018.467,18.409,15.72915.813,15.711,38.84039.206,39.023,粗晶块状,铅锌矿石,3,18.22518.259,18.242,15.54515.587,15.566,38.30938.365,38.337,磁黄铁矿胶黄铁矿矿石,2,18.07118.134,18.103,15.42815.483,15.456,38.06738.082,38.075,表1 锡铁山矿床大理岩型矿体硫化物铅同位素组成特征样品名称,7,表2,锡铁山矿床片岩型矿体硫化物铅同位素组成及参数特征,样品号,矿石名称,分 析 结 果,同位素比值,表面年龄,(Ma),值,值,Th/U,206,Pb/,204,Pb,207,Pb/,204,Pb,208,Pb/,204,Pb,17-3-1,黄铁矿,18.2100.009,15.5610.010,38.3560.038,265,0.592,9.41,3.80,17-3-2,磁黄铁矿,18.2140.007,15.5620.005,38.3480.017,263,0.591,9.41,3.79,17-5-1,方铅矿,18.2150.002,15.5360.002,38.2350.004,230,0.588,9.36,3.74,17-5-2,磁黄铁矿,18.2840.008,15.6480.007,38.6310.026,317,0.596,9.57,3.89,17-6,磁黄铁矿,18.2010.006,15.5410.006,38.2780.013,246,0.590,9.37,3.77,17-8-1,闪锌矿,18.0600.007,15.4210.006,37.9930.019,200,0.586,9.15,3.70,17-8-2,磁黄铁矿,18.2230.008,15.5800.006,38.4380.014,279,0.593,9.44,3.83,18-9,方铅矿,18.1950.003,15.5280.002,38.2210.005,235,0.589,9.35,3.74,18-10-1,方铅矿,18.2300.003,15.5640.002,38.3230.004,254,0.591,9.41,3.77,18-10-2,闪锌矿,18.1080.008,15.4560.007,38.0610.019,208,0.587,9.21,3.71,等时线年龄为:0Ma0.0Ma(1),说明:模式年龄据(Doe,1974),表2 锡铁山矿床片岩型矿体硫化物铅同位素组成及参数特征样品号,8,表3 锡铁山矿区岩石铅同位素组成,样品号,岩石名称,分析结果,同位素比值,表面年龄,(Ma),值,值,Th/U,206,Pb/,204,Pb,207,Pb/,204,Pb,208,Pb/,204,Pb,03-17-10,硅质岩,18.369,0.002,15.651,0.003,38.673,0.012,265,0.592,9.41,3.80,03-18-2,硅质岩,18.405,0.018,15.523,0.011,38.686,0.021,72.6,0.575,9.31,3.83,03-18-3,蚀变硅质岩,18.020,0.022,15.404,0.018,37.891,0.023,208,0.586,9.12,3.67,03-17-12,变英安流纹岩,18.517,0.020,15.465,0.010,39.677,0.040,-89.,0.561,9.19,3.75,03-18-19,变英安流纹岩,18.198,0.014,15.327,0.012,37.835,0.037,-32.2,0.566,8.95,3.54,L4,变英安流纹岩,18.280,0.014,15.504,0.007,38.250,0.016,141,0.581,9.29,3.71,dt-3-5,变玄武安山岩,17.767,0.010,15.447,0.011,37.669,0.028,449,0.609,9.24,3.71,dy-66-1,变玄武岩,17.824,0.021,15.541,0.018,37.978,0.045,519,0.616,9.42,3.84,上地壳,19.33,15.73,39.08,据霍夫斯(1980)、,赵仓山,地球化学,下地壳,17.27,15.29,38.57,地 幔,18.1,15.42,37.3,造山带,18.86,15.62,38.83,等时线年龄为:0Ma,0.0Ma(1),说明:模式年龄据(Doe,1974),表3 锡铁山矿区岩石铅同位素组成样品号岩石名称分析结果同,9,1)矿石组成比较稳定,值为9.159.57,基本上属于正常铅范畴,但表面年龄差别大,从,317Ma,至,200Ma,,反映了成矿作用的复杂性。,2)岩石铅与矿石铅组成中,尤以值近似,为9.129.42,个别为8.95。由于变质、蚀变,表面年龄仅玄武安山岩为,449Ma,,中基性火山岩,449519Ma,,与滩间山群形成年龄相近。(蚀变)硅质岩,208265Ma,,与矿石铅的主要表面年龄(,200279Ma,)十分接近,说明矿床不是在一次地质作用过程中形成的。至少经历了两次以上的成矿作用过程,,200279Ma,是主要的变质改造成矿期。,3)矿石铅、岩石铅的Th/U比值介于3.543.89比值亦十分均一,一般认为,各变质相的Th/U比值均在110之间,但Th和U的丰度随变质程度加深而增加,结合野外观察和室内鉴定结果,锡铁山铅锌矿区变质岩相为绿片岩相-绿帘角闪岩相,较为均一。,自表1、表2及表3列出的矿石铅及岩石铅同位素组成可以看出:,1)矿石组成比较稳定,值为9.159.57,基本上,10,4)矿石铅同位素特征值变化为0.5860.596,平均值为0.59,十分集中。矿石铅同位素组成(图2)及其特征值总体上介于造山带与地幔之间,少数介于地幔与下地壳之间(2个点)。,图2 青海锡铁山铅锌矿床矿石岩石铅在全球铅构造演化模式图解,(据多伊和扎特曼,1979),4)矿石铅同位素特征值变化为0.5860.596,平均值,11,2.2锡铁山铅锌矿矿床与秦岭型铅锌矿床矿石铅源区对比,图3 不同地质环境铅同位素组成综合图,在多伊、扎特曼源区图解上(图3,图4),可以看出,锡铁山铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素数据绝大部分落入克拉通地壳铅与成熟岛弧铅的交界处,出现异常密集区,少部分矿石铅同位素落入大洋火山岩铅区。,(据多伊和扎特曼,1979),2.2锡铁山铅锌矿矿床与秦岭型铅锌矿床矿石铅源区对比图3,12,图4 铅同位素组成对比图,(引自多伊等,1979),综上分析结果表明:,1)锡铁山铅锌矿床的初始铅应该来源于火山岩,与秦岭型铅锌矿床初始铅来源于克拉通化基底地壳不同。锡铁山铅锌矿床的大地构造环境介于克拉通化地壳边缘与成熟岛弧过渡区域,有火山岩发育。而秦岭型铅锌矿床则主要为克拉通化地壳大地构造环境,火山岩不发育。,图4 铅同位素组成对比图 综上分析结果表明:,13,2)锡铁山铅锌矿床在晚奥陶世的初始成矿主要是一次成矿作用完成的,反映在铅同位素组成上比较均一。源区下中奥陶统火山岩(如变英安凝灰岩等)中富集的铅主要是通过海盆地下热水淋滤,并沿同生断列运移到局限海盆洼地初始成矿的。3)锡铁山铅锌矿初始成矿后经历了多次变质、改造,使之富集、粗晶化。并且在后期改造作用中有壳源铅的混入,故表面年偏小(,200Ma,)。4)近矿围岩硅质岩应是伴随初始成矿作用在局限海盆洼地同时形成的,稍早于主成矿期,又晚于远矿的变英安晶屑凝灰岩,等的形成年龄。,2)锡铁山铅锌矿床在晚奥陶世的初始成矿主要是一,14,2.3硫同位素