单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时态与一般现在时态区别,1.,现在完成时,:The Present Perfect Tense,构成：,助动词,have(has)+,动词的过去分词,用法,(1),：,表示动作过去发生，现在,已经完成,，并与现在的情况有联系。通常和时间副词,just,already,before,yet,never,ever,等状语连用。例如：,I have,never,heard of that,before,.,Have you,ever,ridden a horse?,She has,already,finished the work.,Ive,just,lost my science book.,现在完成时,:The Present Perfect Tense,用法,(2),：,表示动作或状态过去已经开始，,持续,到现在，可能还会持续下去，也可能刚刚结束。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：,for,和,since,引导的时间短语，以及,so far,up to now,today,this week(month,year),等。,I havent seen her,these days,.,She has been ill,for 3 years,.,They have lived here,since 1990,.,注意：这种“未完成”用法不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的词，如,come,go,arrive,leave,die,marry,buy,等。要与,for,或,since,引导的时间短语连用时，需用相对应的状态动词。如,come,go,arrive-die-,leave-marry-buy-,be to/in,be away,be dead,be married,have,2.,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,(1),过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调,动作,；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是,影响,。如：,I,saw,this film yesterday.,（,强调看的动作发生过了。）,I,have seen,this film.,（,强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,(2),有些时间状语，如,this morning,tonight,等既可用于现在完成时，又可用于一般过去时，但意义上会有所差别。如：,Jenny,has had,three cups of coffee this morning.,Jenny,had,three cups of coffee this morning.,（讲话时还是上午）,（讲话时上午已经过去）,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,(3)for,所引导的时间短语既可用于现在完成时，也可用于一般过去时，但所表示的意义有明显区别。,I,have lived,in Guangzhou for ten years.,I,lived,in Guangzhou for ten years.,I still live in Guangzhou.,I dont live in Guangzhou now.,(4),句子中如有表示明确过去时间的副词（如,yesterday,last week,in 1960）,时，不能使用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。例如：,（错）,Tom,has written,a letter to his parents last night.,（,对）,Tom,wrote,a letter to his parents last night.,Exercise,例题分析：,1.,You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.,A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet,答案,B,；,首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，,several times,告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2.-,Im sorry to keep you waiting.,-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.,A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be,答案,A,；,等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,1.,He stepped into the office,_ down and began to fill in the forms.,A.Sitting,B.to sit C.sat D.having it,2.,She said she would telephone but we _from her so far.,A.havent heard,B.didnt hear,C.hadnt heard,D.wont hear,3.,When I got to the cinema,the film_for ten minutes.,A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was,4,.,Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.,Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.,A.never think;are going,B.never thought;were going,C.didnt think;were going,D.had,n,t,thought;were going,5,.,“,这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？,A.I have had this book for three months.,B.I have bought this book for three months.,C.I bought this book three months ago.,D.It is three months since I bought this book.,6.The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.,A.died B.would die C.had died D.has died,7.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.,A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned,Enjoy English tense!,