单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Subject-verb Agreement,主谓一致,Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致是指句子的,_,_,_,与,_,在,_,和,_,上必须保持一致,主谓一致的三个原则,:,1.,语法一致,2.,意义一致,3.,就近原则,谓语动词,主语,人称,数,The boy,_ diving.,The boys,_ diving.,is,are,语法一致,主语为,单数或复数,时，其,谓语动词要,与其相呼应,。,1.and,1.,两个主语表达不同人、物、概念,e.g.,Time and tide,wait,for no man.(,岁月不饶人,),The writer and,the,translator,are,delivering a speech tonight in our school.,2.,两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念,e.g.,The writer and translator,is,delivering a speech tonight in our school.,One more,fork and knife,is,on the table.,（一副刀叉）,War and peace,is,often peoples topic.,（战争与和平）,1.and,3.,并列名词前有,noand(no);everyand(every);each and(each),修饰时，谓语一般用单数,e.g.,Every man and(every)woman _(have)the same rights.,has,语法一致,2,主语,+with(together,with/,along,with),as well as,like,not,but,except,including,rather than,other than,besides,in,addition,to,结构中，谓语与前面主语一致,e.g.,I,as well as they,_(be)ready to help you.,The students along with the teacher _(be)required the meeting.,Nobody but Jim and Tom _(be)on the playground at that time.,am,are,was,every,one,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,some one,somebody,something,(none,neither,除外,),等不定代词及,each,the other,作主语时，谓语动词用,单数,形式。如：,Nothing,in the box,is,mine.,Someone,wants,to see you.,语法一致,3,none,和,neither,作主语时，谓语可用单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数,e.g.,None,of us,is/are,perfect.(,人无完人,),None,of,the information,has,been received.,语法一致,3,more than one;many a,修饰名词，复数含义，但是谓语用单数,e.g.,Many a student _(be)in the classroom.,More than one mother _,(receive)the flowers.,is,语法一致,4,receives,不定式（短语），动名词（短语），从句作主语时，谓语用单数,e.g.,To read English aloud every morning _(do)you a lot of good.,Serving the people _(be)my great happiness.,When and where we will have a picnic,_,_,(be not)decided yet.,语法一致,5,does,is,has not been,*,当,what,引导的句子做主语，若后面是,“,be+,名词,”,的结构时，谓语随名词变化,。,e.g.,What,you need,are,these dictionaries,.,语法一致,5,由,kind,（,form,，,type,，,sort,，,species,，,portion,，,series,）,of,等修饰的主语，谓语由这些词决定,e.g.,This kind of apples _,(sell)well.,A series of plays _(be)to be on show next week.,语法一致,6,sells,is,a(large/small/vast)quantity of,或,Large,quantities,of,谓语由quantity的形式决定,e.g.,A large quantity of,oil,was,put into the soup.,A large quantity of apples,w,as,in the basket.,Large,quantities,of oil,were,put into the soup.,Large,quantities,of apples,were,in the basket.,语法一致,7,trousers,pants(,裤子,),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(,剪刀,),等词作主语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有,a(the)pair of,等量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数,e.g.,My glasses,are,broken.,The,scissors,are,sharp.,The,pair,of shoes under the bed,is,mine,.,语法一致,8,谓语动词的单复数,取决于主语所表达的概念,，而不取决于表面的语法标志,意义一致,集合名词,(family,team group,crowd public,government,band,company.),若强调整体，谓语动词用单数,若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数,e.g.The group,i,s,(be)made up of nine students.,The group,are,(be)dancing happily.,意义一致,1,单复数同形的名词,deer,sheep,fish,series,系列,species,物种,means,手段,works,工厂,aircraft,飞行器,做主语,时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。,e.g.,A new,means,has been,used.,Many means,have,not come into effect.,意义一致,2,physics,politics,mathematics,等一些以“,-ics”,结尾的词，指,学科,时属单数，谓语动词用,单数,。,Physics,is,not difficult to learn.,Mathematics,is,a subject studied in nearly every school.,注：若指,某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义,时被看作复数，谓语常用,复数,。,My mathematics,are,week.,What,are,your politics?,政治信仰,/,见解,意义一致,3,意义一致,4,主语是疑问代词,who,what,which,不定代词,some,all,more,most,any,none,等以及名词,half,part,the rest,等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。,Eg,:,Which,is,more valuable,health or wealth?,Which,are,prettier,these or those?,We,had some paper,and,the rest,was,put back,.,意义一致,4,意义一致,5,the number of,（.的数量）,the variety of(,种类,),用,单数谓语，,a number of,（许多，大量）,a variety of,（各种各样的.),用复数谓语,1.,The number,of,traffic accidents _(have)increased.,2.,A number of,children,_(like)this song.,3.There,are,a variety of,toys,on sale in that shop.,4.,The variety of,goods on sale in that shop,is,surprising.,has,like,意义一致,6,意义一致,6,表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作主语时，被,看作整体,时谓语用,单数,Sixty year,s,is,a long time.,Ten dollar,s,is,enough for him.,Three thousand mile,s,is,a long distance.,Fifty kilogram,s,is,not too long to be carried.,*,如,强调具体数目,，则用,复数,。,One hundred cents,make,a dollar.,More than fifty years,have,passed since they got married.,The new,is,sure to replace the old.,“,the+,形容词,/,分词”表示一类人，谓语用复数,eg.the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the disabled,the sick,The sick,have been,cured and,the lost,have been,found.,但如果指,事物或抽象概念,时,谓语动词用,单数,.,意义一致,7,Neither the students nor the teacher _(know)what happened.,There _(be)an apple,two bananas,five oranges in the basket.,就近原则,指谓语动词单复数取决于离它,最近的词语,，而无须考虑其他的词,knows,is,就近原则,1,就近原则,2,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？,1.You or he _ to blame.,你或他有一人要受责备。,2._ you or he to blame?,受责备的是你还是他？,A,is,，,Is B,are,，,Are,C,is,，,Are D,are,，,Is,答案：,C,，就近一致,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致,?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people,A,is B,are,C,is being D,are being,此题应选,B,。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的,民族,。,The teacher with two students _ at the meeting.(was/were),2.A woman with a baby in her arms _ waiting for the bus in the rain.,Awas Bwere Chas Dhave,3.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an im