单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Learning about Language,Alternative words and expressions,break down food using teeth,outer covering of a body or plant,the lower part or point of something,be happy and satisfied with;not wanting more,surprise greatly,astonish,in every part of,throughout,special,more than usual,particular,someone or something that is not successful,failure,extremely good,when water is hot enough to turn into gas,boil,outstanding,chew,skin,bottom,content,Answer key for Exercise 2:,chew;astonished;bottom;,contented;particular;throughout;,failure;skin,Noun,Adjective,Noun,Adjective,enjoyment,enjoyable,difficulty,difficult,entertainment,entertaining,cruelty,cruel,mouth,mouthful,honesty,honest,help,helpful,fortune,fortunate,Grammar,动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补,动词,-ing,形式作表语、定语和宾补,一、动词,-ing,形式作表语,动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。,我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。,Our greatest happiness is serving the people,.,（,动名词）,我们的任务是建设社会主义。,Our task is building socialism.,（,动名词）,我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。,The film we saw last night is quite moving.,（,现在分词）,他的话很鼓舞人。,His words are encouraging.,（,现在分词）,常用来作表语的现在分词有,astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising,等。,全析提示：,（,1,）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。,（,2,）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如,very,rather,等。,二、动词,-ing,形式作定语,动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。,我们必须改进工作方法。,We must improve our,working,method.,（动名词）,他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。,They set up an,operating,table in a small temple.,（动名词）,中国是发展中国家。,China is a,developing,country.,（现在分词）,正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长,。,The student,making,the experiment is our monitor.,（现在分词）,全析提示：,动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。,如,working method=,method,for working,工作方法,2.,单个分词和分词短语都可作定语，单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语则作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。,如：,the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan,访日的那个人。,三、动词,-ing,形式作宾补,动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。,例如：,我看见他正在上楼。,I saw him,going,upstairs.,我们看着她在过大街。,We watched her,crossing,the street.,我们听见她在房间里唱歌。,We heard her,singing,in her room,。,全析提示：,接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有,feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,observe,notice,find,smell,set,have,keep,start,leave,get catch,等。,2.,Mr,Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.,tired;boring B.tiring;bored,C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring,解析：,此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。,tired,moved,interested excited,等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受；,tiring,moving,interesting,exciting,等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。句意为“史密斯先生对这个令人厌烦的讲话感受厌倦了，所以开始读起一本小说来”。,1.The _ boy was last seen _ near the bank of the lake.,missing;playing B.missing;play,C.missed;played D.missed;to play,解析：,missing,是形容词，作,boy,的定语，意思是“失踪的”。,was last seen playing,表示被看见时正在玩。,高考链接,3.When we watched the national flag _ in the Olympic Games on TV,we raised a cheer.,A.rise B.being risen,C.raised D.being raised,解析：本题考查分词作补语，,rise,是不及物动词，先排除,A,、,B,两项，国旗是被人们升起的，应该用分词的被动形式，句意为：当看到电视中奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时，我们欢呼起来。,4.He was in hospital for six months.He felt as if he was _ from the outside world.,cut out B.cut off,C.cut up D.cut through,解析：,cut out,的意思是“切下；删除”。,cut off,意思是“切断；使,(,人、城镇,),孤立”。,cut up,的意思是“切碎”。,cut through,的意思是“穿越”。本句的意思是：他住院六个月感到似乎与外界隔绝了。,5.We sat there,_with what we listened to.,satisfying B.to satisfy,C.contented D.content,解析：本题考查动词用法。,satisfied,表示“感到满意的”，把,A,、,B,两项排除；,content,既是形容词，又是动词，,be content with,对,满足。,6.The boy burst into tears _ he saw his mother.,direct B.direction,C.directly D.directly when,解析：本题考查,direct,的用法，作动词时表示“导演；指示”；作副词时表示“径直地；直接地”，作形容词时是“直接的”；而,directly,表示“一,就”，相当于,as soon as.,Homework,Make use of different learning resources to summarize the rule,of v-ing forms.,