单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,被动语态的翻译,第,八章,被动语态的翻译,汉语和英语的一个重要区别是汉语被动语态的使用频率远远低于英语。因此，在英汉翻译中如何处理被动语态显得极为重要。有些英语被动句着重被动的动作，翻译时为了突出被动意义，可以译成汉语表示被动的“被字结构或相似结构，如，“受、遭、叫、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为所、由来等。,被动语态的翻译,为了符合汉语的表达习惯，在英汉被动语态的翻译中经常需要灵活处理的技巧：英语被动句译成汉语无主语的主动句，或保存英语的主语，译成汉语主动句，或把英语中的主语译为汉语的宾语，或在汉语中增加主语，把英语被动句译成主动句，或把英语中的被动句译成汉语的判断句。,1.译成无主语的主动句,1.Efforts should be made to promote the economic development.,应努力促进经济开展。,2.Two days are given to her for repairing this car.,给了她两天时间来修这辆车。,3.She ate less and less in the evening so that her weight may be decreased.,她晚上吃的越来越少，为的是减肥。,2.保存原主语,译成主动句,1.,The first partial goods will be shipped,on the first available steamer at the beginning of June.,第一批货物,将于,6月初,装在,第一,艘订,到的船上。,2.,An agreement was never reached,for the simple reason that neither side wants to give in.,协议没有达成,的原因很简单，那就是双方都不让步,。,2.保存原主语,译成主动句,3.,The reason why he didnt attend the meeting was that,he had been caught in a traffic jam.,他没有准时出席会议的原因是,他遇到交通堵塞了,。,3.把原文中的主语译为宾语,英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上,by或以其他介词短语构成的状语，翻译时可将这类by结构中或其他介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语，而将原来的主语译成宾语。,1.,This conclusion,is hardly justified by the results.,这些结果很难证明,这个结论,是正确的。,3.把原文中的主语译为宾语,2.,This contract,was made by and between the buyer and the seller in Hangzhou last summer.,去年夏天买卖双方于杭州签订了,本合同,。,3.,She,was rejected as she violated the rules of the company.,公司开除了,她,，是因为她违反了公司的规定。,4.增加主语,有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组，在翻译这类句子时，可适当增添一些不确定的主语，如，“人们、“有人、“大家、“我们等。,4.增加主语,1.He was known as a kind man.,大家都知道他是个善良的人。,2.Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firms output.,人们认为营销就是为某个公司的产品寻找买主，并鼓励购置。,5.译成汉语判断句,有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似。因此，翻译这种英语被动句，经常采用“是的判断句式。,1.Our price has already been closely calculated.,我方价格是经过精密核算的。,5.译成汉语判断句,2.The plan for the next five years is made by the managers.,下一个五年的方案是经理们制定的。,3.The financial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision market to help them plan and control the activities of the economic entity.,会计系统提供的金融信息对于帮助管理层决策人员制订方案和控制该经济实体的活动而言是不可或缺的。,6.常用被动句型的习惯译法,在英语常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that中，it是形式主语，that引导出的是主语从句。,汉语译文习惯上采用主动语态，有时还需要增译出泛指性的主语，有时也可译成无主句并酌情加上“根据或“据。,6.常用被动句型的习惯译法,1.It must be pointed out that only if quality is improved can more outlets for export be found and expects be increased.,必须指出的是，质量好了，才能翻开出口渠道并扩大出口。,2.It is generally agreed that organizations that with effective manages will likely be successful,whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail.,人们普遍认为，拥有高效胜任的管理人员，公司成功的可能性更大，而管理人员能力低下的公司那么大多会失败。,3.,It may be said without fear of exaggeration that,the newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person.,可以毫不夸张地说,这种新设计的微型计算机能够充任盲人的向导。,6.常用被动句型的习惯译法,常用的类似结构还有：It is reported that.据报道；It is well recognized that.人们公认：It is supposed that.据推测It cannot be denied that无可否认；It is expected(hoped)that人们希望；It is understood that不用说谁都知道；It is well known that 大家知道众所周知；It is said that据说；It is estimated(predicted,calculated)that据估计预计 It is learned that据闻悉；It may be confirmed that可以肯定；It is generally(usually);accepted(agreed)that普遍一般、通常认为；It is believed that 有人人们、大家相信；It will be seen from this that 由此可见；It must(should)be admitted that必须应该成认；It is rumored that据谣传。,翻译练习,一、把以下句子译成汉语。,1.One of our principles is to see to it that contracts are honored and commercial integrity maintained.,2.We hope that this dispute can be settled through friendly negotiation without its being submitted for arbitration.,3.If the wrong goods were not delivered,we might have used this lot of goods to complete several orders.,4.Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firms output.,5.The shipping quality and weight shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.,翻译练习,二、把以下句子译成英语。,1.货币可用来交换商品或效劳。,2.我们希望我们之间能做成许多生意。,3.我们向您保证，此订单我们会慎重处理。,4.客户给他写的信，大多数是由秘书念给他听。,5.贵方的销量在最近几个月中大幅度下降，我们对此深表关注。,The end,