单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Summary,1,Summary1,It is a,brief,thorough,and,objective,restatement,of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.,What is a summary?,2,It is a brief,thorough and ob,Basic requirements,1.,No comments,Dont share your own opinion about the issue.,2.No details,Omit detailed information,examples and dialogues.,3,.No copying,Dont copy the original sentences.,Condense,（缩写）,sentences.,4.Coherence,Use the shortest possible transitions,like however,besides,because etc.,5.Number of words,Write in about 60 words(40-80).,3,Basic requirements 1.No comme,Tips:Ways of condensation,Use synonyms or synonymous phrases,.,01,He knew English well.,He had a,very,good command of English.,Turn complex sentences into simple,ones.,02,He received a welcome that was as cold as ice.,He received a,(n)_,welcome.,icy,4,Tips:Ways of condensationUse,Combine the sentences,.,03,Hurry up,_,you,ll miss the train.,Hurry up.If you don,t,you,ll miss the train.,Replace direct speech with indirect speech.,04,Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly and said,“You put too much salt on your food,Jerry.Stop it.”,Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.,or,5,Combine the sentences.03Hurry,Summary Passage A,6,Summary Passage A6,What would you do when you feel unhappy?,7,What would you do when you fee,Will you complain to others?,complain,8,Will you complain to others?co,A,B,C,Reading and understanding,Narration,What is the style of Passage A?,Argumentation,Exposition(,说明文,),Read for the structure.,9,ABC Reading a,The elements of an argumentation,a strong statement of opinion,supporting evidence,the topic sentence,supporting sentences,10,The elements of an argumentati,Practice:summary writing,Step one,Find the topic sentence,in Para 1,Step two,Underline the supporting sentences in Para 2,，,3 and 4,Step three,Summarize it in your own words,using transitions to make it coherent.,11,Practice:summary writingStep,P,a,r,a,1,There are times when nothing seems to be working in our favor.We may use complaining as a coping mechanism when we are truly unhappy.However,there are many times when we dont try our best and just want things to work our way.We may try to cover our faults by complaining about the unfairness of it all.These are expressive complaints where the complainer just wants to let out his/her anger or frustration,with no real intention of solving the problem.The complainer expects pity and recognition from the listeners although the results often disappoint him/her.,12,Para1There are times when noth,Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead of solving problems,.,summarize Para1,13,Sometimes people use complaini,P,a,r,a,2,Sometimes,we use complaints as a conversation starter.Conversations that start with a complaint often have a domino effect.It may cause the listener to include his/her complaints in the conversation as well,which makes you think that you are not the only one facing problems.However,your good feeling wont last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.,14,Para2Sometimes,we use complai,It wont make you happy because you always focus on the negative.,summarize Para 2,15,It wont make you happy becaus,P,a,r,a,3,When complaining becomes a habit,you complain to anyone that comes around.Negativity that comes from complaining kills creativity and innovation(创新).Habitual complainers are less likely to come up with new ideas,as they are busy finding faults and discourage others from trying new things by making them feel that they wont work.When you spend time with people who constantly complain,you are likely to view things in a negative light.This will make things worse.This can affect the way you perceive your own situation,and even the people around you.,16,Para3When complaining becomes,Hanging out with habitual complainers may affect the way you see things in a negative pespective,which can also kill your creativity.,summarize Para 3,17,Hanging out with habitual comp,P,a,r,a,4,Though expressing your feelings may momentarily improve your state of mind,it could sometimes have a bad effect on the listeners state of mind.A recent study has shown that at social gatherings while people who are unhappy may join you when you play the victim at the beginning,the majority would start avoiding you because of your negativity.,18,Para4 Though expressing your,People usually try to avoid a person who is always complaining.,summarize Para 4,19,People usually try to avoid a,supporting evidence.,(Para 2,，,3&4),your good feeling wont last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.,Negativity that comes from complaining kills creativity and innovation.,When you spend time with people who constantly complain,you are likely to view things in a negative light.,the majority would start avoiding you because of your negativity.,The key words:,complain,negative/negativity,negative,.,Negativity,negative,negativity,.,comp