单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lesson Four,Classification of Mining Methods,采矿方法分类,1,Lesson FourClassification of M,Classification 分类/分级/分粒；,fume 炮烟分级；,hydraulic 水力分级；,rock drilling hardness 岩石可钻性分级；,rock mass 岩体分类；,roof 顶板分类；,of minerals 矿物分类；,of subsidence damage 沉陷破坏分类；,Mining 采矿/矿业；,adit-cut/tunnel 平硐开采；,advance/outward 前进式开采；,2,Classification 分类/分级/分粒；2,retreat(ing)后退式回采；,actual 回采；,cut-and-fill 充填开采；,grade 阶段采矿法；,sublevel caving 分段崩落采矿法；,layer/slice 分层开采；,manless/minerless（遥控）无人开采法；,metal 金属矿开采；,multi-metal 多金属开采；,open-stope 空场采矿；,3,retreat(ing)后退式回采；3,pillar 矿柱回采；,room-and-pillar 房柱式开采；,sill 拉底回采；rip挑顶；,downward/descending 下行开采；,upward/ascending 上行开采;,glory-hole 露天地下联合开采；,4,pillar 矿柱回采；4,Factors,determining the application of underground metal mining methods,are,:,Shape,size,regularity,and,dip,of the orebody,distribution of ore,strength,and,physical character,of the ore and,wall rocks or overlying material,relation,of,deposit,to,surface and,to,other orebodies or,to,existing shafts on the same,property,；,决定地下金属采矿法应用的因素是：矿体的形状、大小、规律性和倾角，矿石分布，矿石及两帮与上覆岩层的强度和物理特性，矿体与地表以及与其它矿体的联系或与同一区域内现存井筒的联系；,5,Factors determining the applic,Size大小/尺寸/粒度/粒级；,drift 巷道断面/巷道尺寸；,hole 钻孔孔径/钻孔规格；,mine 井型；,of business 企业规模；,medium 中等大小/中等尺寸；,bucket 铲斗容积/铲斗规格/铲斗尺寸；,correct 合格粒/块度；,over 过大块,fragment 碎块尺寸爆,regularity 规律性/规则性；,6,Size大小/尺寸/粒度/粒级；6,dip 倾角/倾斜/下山/挖掘/浸入；,central 中央下山；,main 主要下山/主要倾斜；,fault 断层倾斜；,local 局部倾角；,gentle/flat 微倾斜；,moderate 缓倾斜；,steep 急倾斜；,Strength强度；,physical 物理的/物质的；,character特性/特征/性质；,7,dip 倾角/倾斜/下山/挖掘/浸入；7,wall 墙/巷道壁/盘(矿床)；,firm/hard 坚实围岩；soft 软围岩；,bottom/foot 下盘；hanging 上盘；,fault 断层盘；,brattice(井筒)风墙/风幕；,curtain 隔离矿柱；,overlying覆盖的；,deposit矿床/沉积/沉淀物；,bedded 层状矿床；,commercial 工业矿床/可采矿床；,contact metamorphic 接触变质矿床；,8,wall 墙/巷道壁/盘(矿床)；8,disturbed 扰动矿床；exposed 暴露矿床；,high-grade 富矿床；low-grade 贫矿床；,intrusive-magmatic岩浆侵入矿床；,massive 块状矿床；thick/thin 厚/薄矿床；,metallic ore/metalliferous 金属矿床；,non-metallic/non-metalliferous ore 非金属矿床,oxidized 氧化矿床；,overlying/underlying 上覆/下伏矿床；,workable/unworkable 可采/不可采矿床；,property性质/特性/财产/地产/矿地；,9,disturbed 扰动矿床；exposed,availability,character and,cost,of timber and,material for filling,These factors,are,interdependent,and,of,varying importance,the method chosen must be safe and give maximum,extraction,.,矿体的可用性、性质、充填的材料和木材的费用，这些因素相互依赖且具有不同的重要性，选择的采矿方法须保证作业安全且最大的回收资源。,10,availability,character and co,availability有效/可用性/采用价值/可获量；,cost 成本/费用/价格；,extraction开采成本；maintenance维修费；,Interdependent相互关联的/相互依赖的；,extraction回采/采掘/提取/萃取；,complete/total 全部采出；,partial 部分回采/条带开采；,11,availability有效/可用性/采用价值/可获量；11,A,logical,classification of mining methods based on the factors outlined above,is impossible,because of their complex relations.,采矿方法因其关系复杂，要合理分类仅基于以上所概述的因素是不可能(实现)的。,logical,a,逻辑上的/,合理的,；outline,n/vt,轮廓/画出.的轮廓/,概述,；because of,prep,因为/由于；based on,vt,基于,12,A logical classification of mi,According to the,particularity,of the,contradiction,between mining and,ground pressure,possessed by mining methods,in general they may be grouped as follows:,open stope,shrinkage stope,filled stope,and,caving methods,.,根据采矿方法所据有的开采和地压管理之间的矛盾特点，一般来说，采矿方法可分类如下：空场法，留矿法，充填法和崩落法。,particularity特殊性/特点；,contradiction矛盾/违背/抵触；,13,According to the particularity,stope回采工作面/采场/矿房/回采；,back上向回采/倒台阶工作面；,bottom 下向回采/正台阶工作面；,blast-hole深孔崩落回采工作面；,finished/drawn/emptied 采空区；,open 空场回采法；,open with random pillars留贫矿为矿柱的空场法；,open with regular pillars留规则矿柱的空场法；,sublevel 分段回采法；,shrinkage 留矿回采法；,filled/filling 充填回采法；,caving 崩落采矿法；,caving垮落/放顶/崩落开采法；,artificial/controlled 人工崩落/人工(控制)放顶；,firstroof 直接顶初次垮落；main roof 老顶垮落；,14,stope回采工作面/采场/矿房/回采；14,An,open stope,is stope,in which no timber or filling is used to support walls,a,finished stope,is an open caving,the walls are supported by,pillars of ore,.,空场法就是在采场内没有应用支柱或充填支撑围岩，采空区处于敞空状态任其崩落，围岩由矿柱支撑。,15,An open stope is stope in whic,Sublevel stoping,is an open stope method,it is a relatively low cost method.It does not,permit,very,effective,sorting,and is therefore applied where,values,are,fairly,uniform,.This method may not be,advantageous,in very hard ore due to the high cost of,driving,sublevel,it is best adapted to,steep dips,but has been successful on,flat dips,too.,分段采矿法是空场法的一种，它相对来说是一种低成本的采矿法，其不能进行有效的选别采矿，因此应用于开采价值相同的矿体。此方法应用于坚硬的矿石中，由于掘进分段平巷费用高，其可能是不利的，此方法比较适合于急倾斜矿体开采，但是也成功地应用于微倾斜矿体。,16,Sublevel stoping is an open st,permit,n,通行证/许可证/执照/,v,许可/允许/准许；,effective,adj,有效的/有影响的/显著的/实在的；,sorting 捡选/选别/分级/分类；hand 手选；,magnetic 磁选；,value价值/矿石所含金属/意义/估价/评价；,fairly,adv,相当地/完全地/清楚地；,uniform,adj,相等的/一致的/均匀的/均一的；,advantageous,adj,有利的/有益的；,due to/because of,prep,因为/由于；,drive 驾驶/掘进(巷道)/(沿脉)平巷；,adapted,adj,适合的；,successful,adj,成功的；,17,permit n通行证/许可证/执照/v许可/允许/准许,Shrinkage stopes,are,overhand stopes,where part of,the broken ore,remains in the stope as a,means,of support and,affords,a,working platform,until the stope is completed.,留矿法是上向梯段工作面，部分的爆落矿石留在矿房内，既作为一种支护方式，又提供了一个工作平台，直到这个矿房回采结束。,overhand上向梯段的金/倒台阶式的煤；,overhand stope 上向梯段回采/倒台阶工作面,open overhand 空场上向梯段回采工作面,open underhand 空场下向梯段回采工作面,18,Shr