,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,-,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Applied linguistics,应用语言学（乐眉云）第一讲,王燕芳,1,-,Applied linguistics应用语言学（乐眉云）第,Unit 1 What is Applied Linguistics?,A brief history,Definition and scope,The role of applied linguistics,Theoretical bases,The nature of applied linguistics,Applied linguistics and the language teacher,Discussion questions,2,-,Unit 1 What is Applied Lingui,A brief history(abroad),In 1870,Polish linguist J.Baudouin de Courtenay（博杜恩 德 库尔特内）“applied linguistics”,the distinction between pure linguistics and applied linguistics and the purpose of applied linguistics.,3,-,A brief history(abroad)In 187,in the 1940s,In 1946,the University of Michigan founded the English Language Institute.Under the guidance of Charles C.Fries and Robert Lado,people there studied problems of teaching English to foreigners.They published the famous journal,Language Learning,subtitled,Journal of Applied Linguistics,（1949）.It was the first journal in the world to have the term applied linguistics in its title.,4,-,in the 1940s 4-,in the 1950s,In the 1950s,along with the revolution brought about by Chomsky,linguistics shook off the fetters of structuralism.This paved the way for the development of the hybrid disciplines such as sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics.,5,-,in the 1950s5-,in the 1960s,Generally speaking,people thought the mid-1960s was the developing period of applied linguistics.In 1964,the first world conference of Applied Linguistics was held in Nancy,France,and the International Association of Applied Linguistics was set up.This marked the recognition of the status of applied linguistics as an independent discipline.,6,-,in the 1960s6-,Why did applied linguistics develop so quick in the 1960s?,There are 4 reasons(Gui,1988:11):,The needs of practice.,The developing of linguistics itself.,The developing of education.,The maturity of applied linguistics.,7,-,Why did applied linguistics de,development of applied linguistics in China,When applied linguistics developed quickly abroad,China happened to undergo the Cultural Revolution.Not until the 10-year Cultural Revolution was over did foreign language teachers have chance to study applied linguistics.However,applied linguistics develops quickly.,8,-,development of applied linguis,In 1980,with the joint initiation,the Conference of Applied Linguistics and English Teaching was held.,In 1985,the International Conference of the Teaching of English in China was held in Guangzhou which was jointly initiated by the Research Association of The Teaching of English in China and Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute.,Since 1978,Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute has begun to enroll graduates of linguistics and applied linguistics.,9,-,In 1980,with the joint initia,Definition and scope,Roughly speaking,applied linguistics is using what we know about(a)language,(b)how it is learned and(c)how it is used,in order to achieve some purposes or solve some problems in the real world.Those purposes are many and varied.,10,-,Definition and scopeRoughly sp,As applied linguistics is a comparatively new discipline,there is yet no consensus of opinions as to what its definition is and how wide its scope should be.However,the different views on its definition and scope fall into three general categories:,11,-,As applied linguistics is a co,1)The narrow view:,This is represented by R.L.Politzer,who discusses applied linguistics with particular reference to foreign language teaching.He notes that applied linguistics in foreign language teaching requires the use of linguistics to formulate assumptions.“Applied linguistics”he says,“is ultimately a habit,a way of using linguistic conceptualization to define and solve pedagogical problems”,12,-,1)The narrow view:12-,The broad view:,This is represented by David Crystal(1981)and L.Pap(1972)says that applied linguistics“may in effect be considered as a crossroad,an interdisciplinary area,a combination of linguistics with psychology,pedagogy,mathematics,electronics,political science,and so forth.”In the broad view,therefore,“any definable area of human endeavor”to which“the investigation of the theories,methods and empirical findings of linguistics could be applied”falls into the scope of applied linguistics.,13,-,The broad view:13-,The moderate view:,This is represented by J.Richard et al(1985),who compiled Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics.According to them,applied linguistics refers to“applied linguistics of language teaching”,rather than to the broader applications of language study in such area as medicine,law,stylistics,language planning or dictionary compilation.,14,-,The moderate view:14-,They say,“in general usage,the term refers to the study of language teaching and learning”.In their view,the content and subject matter of the applied linguistics of language teaching and learning generally include the following areas of study:,15,-,They say,“in general usage,1.introductory linguistics,including phonology,phonetics,syntax,m