单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,工业文明下丧失自我的悲剧,：,T,he Hairy Ape,毛猿,Eugene ONeill(1888-1953),尤金,奥尼尔,上海海事,工业文明下丧失自我的悲剧：The Hairy Ape毛猿,1,Plot,The play narrates the struggle and tragic death of Yank,a fireman who works aboard a Transatlantic Liner.,PlotThe play narrates the str,2,Yank,the protagonist,is a leading stoker on a transatlantic liner.,Strong and brutish,he has won respect from his fellow men,the kind of“grudging respect of fear.”,Completely adapted to his environment,Yank is satisfied with the life he leads,and is proud of himself.,Yank,the protagonist,is a le,3,But when Mildred Douglas,daughter of the ships owner,displays her horror and terror of him and calls him a“filthy beast”on her visit to the stokehole,Yank feels insulted,and denied a position in the world.,He goes out to prove his position by insulting aristocratic strollers in New York and is then put into prison.,But when Mildred Douglas,daug,4,He cannot make himself understood by his fellow prisoners,and is later rejected by the I.W.W.(Industrial Workers of the World),a labor organization.,Frustrated,Yank goes to the zoo to see the ape at night.,He sets free the beast,offers to shake hands with it but is killed.,He cannot make himself underst,5,Team Topics for Discussion,Character analysis,:,Yank,Mildred Douglas,technique of expression,:,Expressionism,Symbolism,Themes,:,The Frustration of Class,Human Regression by Industrialization,Team Topics for DiscussionChar,6,Yank,1)He is the representative of the working class alienated by capitalism,2)caged in steel,the victim of industrialization,and technological progress,3)Mildred Douglass reaction to Yank makes Yank come to class awareness.His attempts to revenge on the steel industry and finally the entire Bourgeois.,4)Throughout this struggle Yank defines belonging as power.When he thinks he belongs to something he gains strength,when Yank is rejected by a group,he is terribly weak.,Yank,7,Mildred Douglas,1)daughter of the owner of Nazareth Steel,2)Studied sociology and is on a crusade to help the poor,3)She shares with Yank the need to find a sense of usefulness or belongingthe fates of both characters were decided before they were born.,4)Describe herself as the waste of her fathers steel company,5)Though Mildred has more education and cultural experience than Yank,she still cannot escape her cultural identity.,Mildred Douglas1)daughter of,8,expression,ism in the play:,In this play,abstract and symbolic stage sets are used to set off against the emotional inner selves and subjective states of mind.,Take ONeills use of,contrastive tones,of remarks for example,Yanks friendliness and excitement,indifference and impatience,the apes anger,his own bitterness,self-mocking and despair.,expressionism in the play:In t,9,Symbolism in the play,1),The Thinker,The Thinker is symbolic of Yanks,need to think,.,While he physically embodies the cultural symbol of a thinker he cannot think himself.,The real ape is the only other character that takes The Thinker position.The ape,sharing this habitual body position,reflects on Yanks own,animalistic state.,2),Ape,The ape symbolizes man in a,primitive state,before technology,complex language structures,complex thought or money was necessary.,Yank,like the ape,struggles with thought,doesnt understand the class system,has at best basic language skills and is most concerned,with his survival on Earth.,3,）,Steel,Steel is both a symbol of,power and oppression,.It is symbolic of the technology that,forces,Yank and the Firemen,into slave-like jobs,.Yank is in a virtual cage of steel created by the ship around him.,Symbolism in the play1)The Th,10,1 Human Regression by Industrialization,1,）,Industrialization has reduced the human workers into a machine.,2,）,The play marks his regression from a Neanderthal,穴居人,on the ship to an actual ape at the zoo extremely monkey-like,3,）,Workers are thus forced into jobs that require nothing but grunt work and physical labor,1 Human Regression by Industri,11,2 The Frustration of Class,1,）,Mildred and Yank are representatives of the highest and lowest social classesthe bourgeois and the proletariat.,（无产阶级）,2,）,While Mildred and Yanks lifestyles are extremely different,they share similar complaints about class.,3,）,Class limits and determines both Mildred and Yanks financial resources,educational opportunities,outlook on life,and culture.,2 The Frustration of Class,12,