q,q,*,Unit two Culture and Language,A JOKE,古时候有个不学无术的人，好不容易用钱买了个县官，却不会说官话，上任之后，照例去拜访顶头上司知府，在闲聊中知府问：,“贵县风土怎么样？,“并没有大风，更少尘土。,“百姓怎样,“白杏只有两棵，红杏不少。,“我问的是黎庶！,“梨树很多，结的果实很小。,知府动气了：“我不是问什么梨树，我是问你的小民！,县官见知府生气了，急忙站起来答复到：“卑职的小名叫狗儿。,What caused the difficulties in communication in this story?,What Is Culture?,Culture itself is neither education nor law-making,it is an atmosphere and a heritage.(,),文化本身既不是教育也不是立法，它是一种氛围，一种遗产。,门肯,Define culture from different perspectives,From Intellectual Perspective,the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively,music,art,exhibition,dance,etc.,exhibition dance Picasso Beethoven,From Anthropologic Perspective,Culture is the customs,civilizations,and achievements of a particular time or people.,Greek culture Egyptian culture Chinese culture Babylon,From Social Perspective,Culture is what a society does and thinks.Culture covers everything of a society.,From Psychological Perspective,Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.,Western Wedding CeremonyChinese Wedding Ceremony,From Intercultural Communication Perspective,Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,values,and norms,which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.,Metaphor for culture,文化的比喻,Culture is like an Onion,values,Norms,Behaviors,The culture iceberg,The culture iceberg,The culture iceberg,Culture,System of shared,values,beliefs,behaviors,norms,Used to cope with the world and each other,Passed between generations through learning,l,Culture Involves Beliefs,Values,and Norms,a.Beliefs,Beliefs refer to the basic understanding of a group of people about,what the world is like,or what is true or false.,b.Values,Values involve what a culture regarded,as good or bad,right or wrong,fair or unfair,just or unjust,beautiful or ugly,clean or dirty,valuable or worthless,appropriate or inappropriate,and kind or cruel.,c.Norms,Norms refer to,rules for appropriate behavior,which provide the expectations people have of one another and of others.,Discussion Exercise,What does this behavior indicate about the person?,Values of loyalty to country and respect for the flag.,Discussion Exercise,What does this behavior indicate about the person?,Belief in religion/God.,Discussion Exercise,What does the picture indicate the person is doing?,Challenging norms of society,challenging authority,expressing free speech.,Discussion Exercise,What does this picture indicate the person is doing?,Operating within the norms of society,obeying rules.,Discussion Exercise,What does this behavior indicate about the person?,Values human life,believes in helping those in need.,Discussion Exercise,What does this statue symbolize?,Belief in freedom.,Language and Culture,abgdezhqiklmnxoprstufcyw,Top left:Greek,Bottom left:Cherokee,Middle:Arabic,Top right:Russian,The Relation between Language&Culture,Language is a part of culture and plays a very,important,role in it.On the other hand,language is,influenced,and,shaped,by culture;it reflects culture.,Denotation vs.Connotation,:/dlc.k12.ar.us This material is the property of the AR Dept.of Education.It may be used and reproduced for non-profit,educational purposes only after contacting the ADE Distance Learning Center.TSC 2004-2005,Denotation,is the dictionary or literal meaning of a word.,Connotative,words suggest or imply emotional feelings relating to a specific meaning.,Plump=a full,round,and pleasing figure,.,Fat=While similar in meaning to plump,it has a very harsh and mean tone to it.,