Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,*,EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY,REFLECTION FOR ACTION,Canadian Edition,ODonnell,DAmico,Schmid,Reeve,Smith,EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYREFLECT,1,CHAPTER 8,Social Constructivism and Learning in Community,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,CHAPTER 8Social Constructivis,2,Chapter 8 Social Constructivism and Learning in the Community,Themes for the chapter,Social learning emphasizes the ability to learn from observation,Scaffolding is an integral part of social constructivist theories of learning,Informal learning environments such as museums,art galleries,and parks allow families to take part in their childrens learning,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Chapter 8 Social Constructivis,3,Guiding Questions,What is social learning theory?,What is necessary for observational learning to occur?,How is scaffolding used in instruction?,What kinds of instruction are influenced by social constructivism and sociocultural theory?,How can teachers use the resources of cultural institutions effectively?,Can learners with special needs benefit from social-constructivist or sociocultural approaches to learning?,How can teachers use scaffolding techniques to work with diverse learners?,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Guiding QuestionsWhat is socia,4,Social Learning Theory,Social learning(Bandura,1977)is a synonym for,vicarious learning,Vicarious learning,learning from the experience of another person,Vicarious reinforcement,if another person is reinforced for a behaviour,the likelihood of an observer engaging in that behaviour is increased,Vicarious punishment,if another person is punished,the likelihood of an observer engaging in that behaviour is decreased,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Social Learning TheorySocial l,5,Four things that students learn through vicarious experiences:,New behaviours,New consequences,Performance expectations,Self-talk,Social Learning Theory,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Four things that students lear,6,Modelling,learning by watching another,Three types of modelling effects:,Observational learning,Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects,Response facilitation effects,Social Learning Theory,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Modelling learning by watchi,7,Observational learning,learning by observing other individuals,The observer must see the models behaviour as positive or useful,A model that has status or prestige and is similar to the observer is more likely to be imitated,An observer who is engaging in a task is more likely to learn from a model who is engaging in a similar task,An observer who attends to a models behaviour closely is more likely to acquire that behaviour,Modelling,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Observational learning learn,8,Observational learning,(continued),Cognitive Apprenticeship,An instructional strategy in which the learner acquires knowledge by modelling the activities of the teacher and being coached by the teacher,Modelling,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Observational learning(contin,9,Inhibitory Effect and Disinhibitory Effects,Inhibitory Effect,the likelihood of a student performing a previously learned behaviour are decreased,Disinhibitory Effect,the likelihood of a student performing a previously learned behaviour are increased,Modelling,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Inhibitory Effect and Disinhib,10,Response facilitation effect,a models behaviour can serve as a discriminative stimulus for the observer and facilitate the observers response,Modelling,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Response facilitation effect,11,Conditions Necessary for Observational Learning,Attention,attend to the important features of the models behaviour,Retention,retain the information that has been observed,Production,performance of the observer comes closer to that of the model,Motivation,learner sees the behaviour as important or leading to success or reinforcement,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Conditions Necessary for Obser,12,Modelling and TV Viewing,TV and Aggression,Learners imitate the aggressive model,and boys are more aggressive than girls,Viewers change their attitudes in favor of the use of aggression to solve problems,show decreased sensitivity to violence and increased tolerance for violence,Watching violent television can have long-term effects into adulthood,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Modelling and TV ViewingTV and,13,Instructional Benefits and TV Viewing,Television-viewing experiences can increase understanding of audience,Understanding of genre can increase,TV can be used to teach positive skills,Modelling and TV Viewing,Educational Psychology,Canadian Edition,Instructional Benefits and TV,14,Social Constructivism and Sociocultural Theory,Vygotskys theory of cognitive development argues for a dialectical relationship between the individual