单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子的构成,句子的构成,句子成分,主语,subject,谓语,predicate,宾语,object,表语,predicative,宾补,complement,定语,attribute,状语,adverbial,同位语,appositive,句子成分主语 subject,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,1.I met my best friend Tom at,主语,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four,is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,主语,:,可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,名词,主格代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,the+,形容词,句子,主语Jane is good at playing the,谓语,谓语,:,简单谓语由动词,或动词词组,构成,一般在主语之后。,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,He,looked after,two orphans.,复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,has finished,the homework.,谓语谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,一般在主语之后,1.The sun,rose.,2.Who cares?,3.What he said does not matter.,4.They talked for half an hour.,5.Who knows the answer?,6.He has refused to help them.,7.He enjoys reading.,8.He said Good morning.,1.The sun rose.,I like,my job,.,I love,you,.,He wanted,to leave here,.,They enjoyed,playing computer games,.,He asked,where he was.,（三）宾语,宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面,I like my job.He wanted to l,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语,.,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,Please pass,me,the book.,He bought,me,some flowers,.,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.,(,四,),宾语补足语,宾语补足语,:,位于,宾语之后,对宾语作出说明的成分。,I found the book,interesting,.,Do you hear Tom,singing,?,He made himself,understood,.,She asked me,to lend her a hand,.,Please make yourself,at home,.,Please keep the dog,out,.,We must keep it,a secret,.,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,副词,名词,(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成,(,五,),定语,He is a,clever,boy.,They are building a,stone,bridge.,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you known,Bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,I met a friend on my way,home,.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),(,副词,),(五)定语He is a clever boy.(形容词)(,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just now,?,There is nothing,interesting,in this book.,The girl in red is his sister.,（六）状语,用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子,.,可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等,.,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that he missed the train,.,（六）状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,He went to school,in spite of his illness,.,He,always,comes late to school.,I waited to see you.,He went.,He went there.,He went there yesterday.,He went there to see his mother yesterday.,He went there to see his mother by bike yesterday.,He went.,（七）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语,常见的系动词有,:,Be,动词,(am,is,are),感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,变化系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,状态系动词,seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.,（七）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,Who was,the first,?,He is,out of condition,.,The book is,what I need,.,The apple tastes,good,.,The war was over.,八、同位语,同位语,当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在,同等位置时,一个句子成分,用来说明和解释,另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的,同位语。,We,students,should study hard.,(students,是,we,的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”,),We,all,are students.,(all,是,we,的同位语,都指同样的“我们”,),八、同位语同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在,句子分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句,有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。,如：,and,but,or,so,等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子,.eg:,Tom and Mike,are American boys.,She,likes,drawing and often,draws,pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。,句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简,五大基本句型,一,:,(,主谓,),二,:,(,主系表,),三,:,(,主谓宾,),四,:,(,主谓间宾直宾,),五,:,(,主谓宾宾补,),五大基本句型一:(主谓),基本句型 一,:,(,主谓,),谓语,:,不及物动词,(vi.),没有宾语,形成主谓结构。,如,:We come.,(,不及物动词,),1.The sun,rose.,2.Who cares?,3.What he said does not matter.,4.They talked for half an hour.,5.The pen writes smoothly,基本句型 一:(主谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾,基本句型二：,(,是系动词,),(,表语,),1.This,is,an English-Chinese dictionary.,2.The dinner,smells,good.,3.He,fell,in love.,4.Everything,looks,different.,5.He,is growing,tall and strong.,6.Our well,has gone,dry.,7.His face,turned,red.,基本句型二：(是系动词)(表语)1.This,基本句型 三,:,(,主谓宾,),此句型的,特点,是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须,跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。,(,及物动词,),(,宾语,),1.Who,knows,the answer?,2.He,has refused,to help them.,3.He,enjoys,reading.,4.He,said,“Good morning.”,5.He,admits,that he was mistaken.,基本句型 三:(主谓宾)此句型的特点是：谓语,基本句型 四,:,(,主谓间宾直宾,),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.,give/pass/bring/show,。,这两个宾语通常一个,指人,(,间接宾语,);,一个指物,(,直接宾语,),。,-Give me a cup of tea please.,-Give a cup of tea to me please.,give sb sth=give sth to sb,基本句型 四:有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,(,及物,),(,多指人,),(,多指物,),She,ordered,herself,a new dress.,2.He,brought,you,a dictionary.,3.I,showed,him,my pictures.,4.I,told,him,that the bus was late.,5.He,showed,me,how to run the machine.,(及物)(多指人)(多指物)She order,基本句型 五,:,(,主谓宾宾补,),此句型的,特点,是,:,动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个,宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个,