,赢在微点 无微不至,第,*,页,返回导航,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,高考复习顶层设计 英语 外研版,语法专题 语法提分微点案,考点11情态动词和虚拟语气,微视角大领悟,微学堂涨分数,微考场新演练,微视角大领悟,练知考情会方法方法技巧,Mum:Are they there?Oh my goodness.I _(put)them there when the phone rang.,解析：,该空是对过去的肯定的猜测,故填must have put。,must have put,1情态动词的主要考点集中在情态动词的基本意义和对“情态动词have done”的考查上,应根据语气强弱和时间确定用哪种情态动词和情态动词的形式。,2虚拟语气谓语的形式应根据句中时间状语判断主从句谓语的形式。,(2014四川卷短文改错)If you are me,would you talk to them?,参考答案与解析：,arewere句意：如果你是我,你会和他们说话吗？根据主句谓语形式可判断出从句是对现在的虚拟,应用一般过去时,故are应改为were。,注意以下两点：,1条件状语从句中的虚拟语气,应根据句中时间状语和语境确定谓语动词形式。,2表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等词后的宾语从句谓语用(should)do 形式。,微学堂涨分数,语法精讲明重点难点,1常用的表示推测的情态动词：,(1)must常用于肯定句,表示有把握的推测。表示对现在或未来情况进行推测,后接动词原形；表示对此刻正在进行的动作进行推测,后接be doing；表示对过去情况的推测,后接have done。,(2)can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”。could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句和疑问句中。,2情态动词的其他用法：,(1)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意为“偏要；硬要”。,(2)should表示惊讶、不以为然等情绪,用于某些句型中,意为“竟然”。,(3)will表示“意愿,意志”,would表示过去时间的“意愿,意志”。will还可以表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“总会,老是”,其否定结构意为“不肯,不能”。,(4)might/may as well“不妨；还是为好”,主要用于表示提议或劝告。,(5)shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见；用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。,3情态动词have done用法：,(1)表示“责备或遗憾”。,should/ought to have done,原本应该做,(但未做到),should not/ought not,to have done,原本不应该做,(但做了),could have done,原本能做,(但未做到),could not have done,原本不能做,(但做了),neednt have done,原本不必做,(但做了),(2)表示“对过去事实的推断”。,must have done,肯定已经,；当时必然,may have done,或许已经,cant have done,不可能已经,1在条件从句(虚拟条件句)中,表示与事实相反的条件分三种情况：,(1)与现在情况相反：从句用过去式(be常用were),主句用would,/could/,might/should(用于第一人称)do。,(2)与过去情况相反：从句用过去完成时,主句用would,/could/,might/shouldhave done。,(3)与将来情况相反：从句用过去式(did),/shoulddo/,were to do,主句用would,/could/,might/shoulddo。,2在宾语从句中：,(1)表示建议(suggest,advise,propose,recommend),要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等的动词后面接的宾语从句中谓语动词用“shoulddo”,should可以省略。,(2)wish接宾语从句有三种情况：,与现在事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去时；,与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)；,与将来事实相反：从句谓语动词用情态动词(would/could)do。,3在主语从句中：在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中,that后面的从句中谓语动词用“(should)do”。,4在suggestion,proposal,order,request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词用“shoulddo”,should可以省略。,5虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用,(1)would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成式(对过去虚拟),I would rather you,stayed,at home now.,我宁愿你现在待在家里。,(2)It is(high)time(that).句型中谓语动词用一般过去式或should动词原形,其中should不可省略,Its high time that we,left/should leave.,该到我们离开的时候了。,(3)if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去式(对现在虚拟)、过去完成式(对过去虚拟)或过去将来式(对将来虚拟),表示强烈的愿望,If only our dream,had come,true!,要是我们的梦想实现了多好啊！,(4)as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式(对现在虚拟)或过去完成式(对过去虚拟),They are talking as if they,had been,friends for years.,他们像多年的好友一样正在交谈。,微考场新演练,好题巧练拿高考满分,.单句训练,1(2015四川卷)You _ be careful with the camera.It costs!,解析：,句意：你必须小心使用这个相机,它很贵的！根据对话内容可知空格处表示“必要性”,意为“必须”,故用must。,2(2015浙江卷)It was so noisy that we _ not hear ourselves speak.,解析：,句意：这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。根据语境可知此处表达过去的能力,故用could。,3(2015重庆卷)You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.,解析：,句意：你一定是卡罗尔,这么多年过去了你一点也没变。根据语境可知此处表示对现在情况的肯定推测,所以要用must“一定”。,must,must,could,4Ive ordered some pizza,so we _ not worry about cooking when we get home tired.,解析：,句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知参考答案为need。,5I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.,解析：,句意：我仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would“过去常常”。,6(2015陕西卷)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _(dance)as well as her.,解析：,句意：Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。,danced,need,would,7It is required by law that a driving test _(take)before a man gets a license.,解析：,句意：法律规定,一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。It is required that.中,that从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”,其中should可以省略；又因为test与take之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,即(should)be taken。,8The nationwide smog indicates that its high time we _(reflect)on ourselves.,解析：,句意：全国范围内的雾霾提醒我们是时候反思自己了。由,“it is high time sb.did/should do sth.”可知填reflected/should reflect。,reflected,/should reflect,(should)be taken,.语法填空,Its a common experience:you log on(登录)to social media,only _(find)that you have been asked to share an advertisement.You then get some coupons(打折券)or lucky money.But now you _ think twice before doing so.,If that ad has any false information in it,you may get _(fine)along with the company,according to Chinas new advertising law,_ came into effect on Sept.1.,The new law is thought to be the _(strict)in history.It bans lies in all ads,including popup ads and even WeChat promotions._(company)can not use“best”and“statelevel”to describe their products,and photos and descriptions should be true to _(real).,reality,to find,should,fined,which,strictest,Companies,If they break the rules,for example,by using computer software to whiten the teeth in a photo promoting toothpaste,they will be fined up to 2 million yuan.,These rules apply not only to organizations,but also to individuals.That _(mean)if your friends post or share an ad,they _ also obey the law.,Many experts welcome the changes,_(say)it will“change advertising in China”,means,should,saying,