,Module 4,Sandstorms in Asia,Period 3,Grammar,语法专题课,动词不定式及,but,用于动词不定式,Module 4Sandstorms in Asia,课时讲练通高中英语Module4SandstormsinAsiaPeriod3Gr课件,【课前热身】,阅读下列句子,根据提示完成句子并体会其用法,Scientists have tried many ways _(solve)this,problem.,The wind is sometimes strong enough _(move),sand dunes.,to solve,to move,【课前热身】阅读下列句子,根据提示完成句子并体会其用法to,“_(catch)in a sandstorm was a,terrible experience,”he said.,Traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust,makes it difficult _(see).,When a sandstorm arrives in the city,weather,experts advise people not _(go)out.,To have been caught,to see,to go,“_(catch)in,【课堂诠解】,.,动词不定式的形式,(,以,do,为例,不及物动词没有被动形式,),【课堂诠解】,1.,不定式的一般式,:,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,或在它之后发生。,He seems,to know,this.,他似乎知道这件事。,(,同时发生,),I hope _ _you again.,我希望再见到你。,(,之后发生,),to see,1.不定式的一般式:表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同,2.,不定式的进行式,:,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的,动作同时发生。,He seems,to be eating,something.,他似乎在吃什么东西。,He pretended _ _ _his lessons when his,mother came in.,他母亲进来时,他假装在做功课。,to be doing,2.不定式的进行式:表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的to,3.,不定式的完成式,:,表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。,Im sorry,to have given,you so much trouble.,我很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦。,He seems _ _ _a cold.,他好像感冒了。,to have caught,3.不定式的完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。to,.,动词不定式的句法功能,1.,作主语。,动词不定式作主语时,为了避免句子头重脚轻,往往用,it,作形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后。,To get there,by bike will take us half an hour.,骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。,.动词不定式的句法功能,Its our duty _ _good care of the old.,照顾好老人是我们的责任。,(2014,山东高考,)Its standard practice for a,company like this one _ _a security officer.,像这样的公司常规做法是要雇用一位安全人员。,to take,to employ,Its our duty _ _good car,It is difficult _ _ _ _writing the composition,in a quarter of an hour.,我们难以在四分之一小时内写完这篇作文。,Its very nice _ _ _ _me.,你来帮助我真是太好了。,for us to finish,of you to help,It is difficult _ _ _ _,【名师指津】,用,for,还是用,of?,动词不定式的逻辑主语,用,for,还是,of,取决于前面的形容词。如果表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词时用,for;,常见的此类形容词有,important,necessary,possible,等。表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度的形容词时用,of,。这一句式有时相当于,Sb.is+,形容词,+to do,句式。这些形容词有,careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等。,【名师指津】用for还是用of?,2.,作宾语。,常用带,to,的不定式作宾语的动词有,afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等。有时用“疑问词,+,不定式”结构。如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语,用,it,作形式宾语代替后面的真正宾语。,2.作宾语。,The driver failed,to see,the other car in time.,司机没能及时看见另一辆车。,I happen _ _the answer to your question.,我碰巧知道你的问题的答案。,to know,The driver failed to see the,I found _ necessary _ _ _him again.,我发现有必要再和他谈一谈。,We think _ quite important for us _ _a foreign,language well.,我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非,常重要。,it,to talk to,it,to learn,I found _ necessary _ _ _,【名师指津】,不定式与疑问词,who,which,when,where,how,what,等连用,在句中起名词的作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在与,why,连用时,不定式不带,to,。,How to solve the problem is very important.(,主语,),My question is when to start.(,表语,),【名师指津】,3.,作宾语补足语。,在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语。可以接带,to,的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有,ask,tell,order,command,beg,request,require,invite,force,cause,forbid,get,allow,permit,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,would like,wait for,long for,等。,(,用括号中所给词的正确形式填空,),3.作宾语补足语。,Father will not allow us _ _(play)in the street.,父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。,We consider Tom _ _(be)one of the best students,in our class.,我们认为汤姆是我们班上最好的学生之,一。,He asked me _ _(do)the work with him.,他让我同他一起工作。,to play,to be,to do,Father will not allow us _ _,Teenagers should be allowed _ _(choose)their,own clothes.,年轻人应该被允许选择自己的衣服。,to choose,Teenagers should be allowed _,【巧学助记】,巧记省略,to,的不定式作宾语补足语的动词,不定式作宾语补足语省略,to,的情况有下列口诀,:,一感,(feel),二听,(hear,listen to),三让,(make,let,have),五看,(see,watch,notice,look at,observe),半帮助,(help),【巧学助记】巧记省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词,注意,:help,可省略,to,也可不省略。但当上述动词用于被动语态时,其后要带上,to,。此时的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。,He is often heard,to sing,the song.,人们经常会听到他唱歌。,注意:help可省略to也可不省略。但当上述动词用于被动语,4.,作表语。,不定式可用来作系动词的表语。一般说来,不定式前面的,to,不能省略,但当主语部分含有实义动词,do,时,to,可以省略。,My job is,to help,the patients.,我的工作就是帮助病人。,4.作表语。,My hope is,to become,a pop singer.,我希望成为一名流行歌手。,What he wants to do is(to)_ _in that,river.,他想做的事就是去那条河里游泳。,go swimming,My hope is to become a pop si,5.,作定语。,不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词或代词之,后。,Have you got anything,to do,this evening?,今晚你有事吗,?,I have some books for you _ _.,我有一些供你阅读的书。,to read,5.作定语。to read,【名师指津】,不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系,:,主谓关系,动宾关系和同位关系。处于动宾关系的情况下,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,它后面应加上必要的介词。,【名师指津】,He is looking for a room,to live in,.,他正在寻找一个居住的房间。,He is a pleasant person,to work with,.,和他一起工作很愉快。,He is looking for a room to li,6.,作状语。,不定式可以作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语和条件状语。,He hurried to the school,to find nobody there,.,他匆忙赶到学校,却发现那儿没有人。,(,结果状语,),We were very excited,to find nobody there,.,发现没有人在那儿,我们非常兴奋。,(,原因状语,),6.作状语。,(2016,北京高考,)_ _(make)it easier to get in,touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.,为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好随身带着这张,名片。,(,目的状语,),_ _ _ _,you would like him.,去看一下他,你会喜欢他的。,(,条件状语,),To make,To look at him,(2016北京高考)_ _(make)it,【名师指津】,(1)too.to do,so.as to do.,such.to do,enough to do.,come to do.(,逐渐,),only to do.,可构成结果状语。,(2)so as to do.(,不能位于句首,),in order to do.,可构成目的状语。,【名师指津】,.,不定式符号,to,的省略及,but,用于动词不定式,1.,句中含有动词,do,时,but,except,besides,such as,或,nothing but,后面,