,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Introduction to,Stylistics,1,I.Introduction,What is stylistics?,Modern Stylistics:,General Stylistics,Literary Stylistics,2,The Scope of Studies,Literary stylistics,:concentrating on the unique features of various literary works,such as poem,novel,prose,drama,General stylistics:,concentrating on the general features of various types of language use,including,literary discourses,and,other practical styles,3,General stylistics,Genres:,news reports,advertisements,public speeches,scientific treatises,legal documents,and other practical styles,Attitudes:,formal and informal language,Media of communication:,spoken English,written English,e-discourse,Regions:,British English,American English and other regional dialects,Social groups:,standard and non-standard language(varieties of language),4,Books for Reference,王佐良,英语文体学引论,秦秀白,英语文体学入门,钱瑗,实用文体学教程,王守仁,英语文体学要略,申丹,文学文体学与小说翻译,张德禄,功能文体学,5,I.Style and Stylistics,“Take an egg,and make a,perforation,in the base and a,corresponding,one in the,apex,.And then,apply the lips to the,aperture,and by,frocibly inhaling,the breath,the shell is entirely,discharged,of its,contents.”,6,I.Style and Stylistics,“When I was a,gal,they made a,hole,in each,end,and,sucked,.”,7,I.Style and Stylistics,When his dad died,Peter had to get another job.,After his fathers death,Peter had to change his job.,On the decease of his father,Mr Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment.,8,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,9,Concepts of Style,A persons,distinctive language habits,or the set of individual characteristics of language use,e.g.Hemingways style,Henry Jamess style,Mark Twains style,10,Concepts of Style,2.Some or all of the language habits shared by,a group of people,at one time,or over a period of time.,e.g.Elizabethan style,the style of legal document,the style of news reporting,11,Some Senses of style,1)A mans style is his minds voice.(Ralph Waldo Emerson),2)Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style.(Jonathan Swift),3)Style is the very thought itself.(Nils Erik Enkvist),4)Style is ingratiation.It involves saying the right thing in the most effective way.(Nils Erik Enkvist),12,Some Senses of style,5)Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought.It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression.(Nils Erik Enkvist),）,13,Some Senses of style,6)Style is choice.It is the choice between alterative expressions.(Nils Erik Enkvist),7)Style is a set of individual,characteristics.It is the man himself.(Nils Erik Enkvist),8)Style is a deviation from a norm.(Nils Erik Enkvist),14,Some Senses of style,9)Style is the relation among linguistic entities that are stable in terms of wider spans of text than the sentence.(Nils Erik Enkvist),10)Style is the linguistic features that communicate emotion or thought.,(John Middleton Murry),15,Some Senses of style,11)Style is personal idiosyncrasy(,习性，癖好,).(John Middleton Murry),12)Style is technique of expression.(John Middleton Murry),13)Style is the highest achievement of literature.(John Middleton Murry),16,Some Senses of style,14)Style is transformation.(Richard M.Ohmann),15)Style is expressiveness.(Stephen UIIman),16)Style is a choice among the non-distinctive features of language.,(Leonard Bloomfield),17,Some Senses of style,17)Style is the selection of features partly determined by the demand of genre,form,theme,etc.(Katie Wales),18)Style is equivalence.(Roman Jakobson&Levi Strauss),19)Style is meaning potential.(Michael Halliday),18,Definition of style,Manner indicating,prominent,linguistic features,devices or patterns,most(or least)frequently,occur in a particular text of a,particular variety,of language.,19,Definition of Stylistics,Stylistics is a discipline that studies the ways in which language is used;it is a discipline that studies the styles of language in use.,Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which,applies the theory and methodology of modern linguistics to the study of style.,20,Definition of Stylistics,Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a,scientific and systematic,way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different,varieties of language,at,different levels,.,21,The need for the study of stylistics,(1)Style is an integral part of meaning.Without the sense of style we cannot arrive at a better understanding of an utterance;,22,(2)Stylistics study helps cultivate a sense of appropriateness.(grammar:correctness;stylistics:appropriateness);,Who speaks what language to whom and when,*,Proper words in proper places make the true definition of a style.,-Swift,23,First,a certain style is determined by the characteristics of the,USER,of language,such as,the age,sex,education,socio-regional or ethnic background.,24,Second,its related to the characteristics of the,USE,of language in situation:,#role-relationship between addresser and addressee(degree of intimacy),25,#medium