Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill,2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,1,第十四章,软件测试策略,Slide Set to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,by Roger S.Pressman,Slides copyright 1996,2001,2005,2009,by Roger S.Pressman,For non-profit educational use only,May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e.,Any other reproduction or use is prohibited without the express written permission of the author.,All copyright information MUST appear if these slides are posted on a website for student use.,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,2,软件测试,测试是在程序发布给最终用户之前，执行程序以发现错误的过程。,.,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,3,测试展示了,错误,需求一致性,性能,质量,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,4,测试的策略性方法,为完成有效的测试，软件团队应该进行有效的、正式的技术评审。通过评审，许多错误可以在测试开始之前排除。,测试开始于构件层，然后向外“延伸”到整个基于计算机系统的集成。,不同的测试技术适用于不同的时间点。,测试由软件开发人员和（对大型项目而言）独立的测试组执行。,测试和调试是不同的活动，但任何测试策略中都必须包括调试。,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,5,验证与确认,(V&V),验证,是指确保软件正确地实现某一特定功能的一系列活动。,确认,则指的是确保开发的软件可追溯到用户需求的另外一系列活动。,BOE81,用另一种方式说明了这两者的区别：,验证：我们在正确地构造产品吗？,确认：我们在构造正确的产品吗？,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,6,由谁来测试软件？,开发者,独立的测试人员,Understands the system,but,will test gently,and,is driven by delivery,Must learn about the system,but,will attempt to break it,and,is driven by quality,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,7,测试策略,系统工程,分析模型,设计模型,编码,单元测试,集成测试,确认测试,系统测试,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,8,测试策略,测试从“小规模”开始，进展到“大规模”。,传统软件测试,关注测试单个构件或相关的一小组构件,构件集成测试,面向对象软件的测试,测试目标就是在现实的时间范围内利用可控的工作量尽可能多地找到错误。对于面向对象软件，尽管这个基本目标是不变的，但面向对象软件的本质特征改变了测试策略和测试战术。,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,9,Strategic Issues,早在开始测试之前，就要以量化的方式规定产品需求。,明确地陈述测试目标,了解软件的用户并为每类用户建立用户轮廓。,建立强调”快速周期测试“的测试计划。,建立能够测试自身的“健壮”软件,测试之前，利用有效的正式技术评审作为过滤器。,实施正式技术评审以评估测试策略和测试用例本身。,为测试过程建立一种持续的改进方法。,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,10,单元测试,测试模块,测试用例,结果,软件工程师,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,11,单元测试,接口,局部数据结构,边界条件,独立路径,错误处理路径,测试模块,测试用例,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,12,单元测试环境,被测模块,桩模块,桩模块,驱动程序,结果,接口,局部数据结构,边界条件,独立路径,错误处理路径,测试用例,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,13,集成测试策略,Options:,the“big bang”approach,an incremental construction strategy,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,14,自顶向下集成,top module is tested with,stubs,stubs are replaced one at,a time,depth first,as new modules are integrated,some subset of tests is re-run,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,These slides are designed to a,These slides are designed to accompany,Software Engineering:A Practitioners Approach,7/e,(McGraw-Hill 2009).Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman.,15,自底向上集成,drivers are replaced one at a,time,depth first,worker modules are grouped into,builds and integrated,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,cl