A,a,A,a,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/9/5,0,词类与句子成分,1,词类与句子成分1,英语词类分十种：,动,词,vi/vt(verb),、,名,词,n.,（,noun),、,形,容词,adj,(adjective),、,副,词,adv.(adverb),、,介,词,prep.(preposition),、,冠,词,art.(article),、,连,词,conj.(conjunction),、,代,词,pron.(pronoun),数,词,num.(numeral),、,感叹,词,int.(interjection),。,词类,2,英语词类分十种：词类2,句子成分由,词或词组,充当,英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)，补语（complement）。,除了必要成分外，还有同位语（,appositive),和插入语,(parenthesis),。,3,句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种,主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的,主体,，一般,位于句首,。表示句子说的是,什么人或什么事,。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。,（1）主语 S(Subject),4,主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句,1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular._,2.We often speak English in class._,3.One-third of the students in this class are girls._,4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure._,5.Smoking does harm to the health._,6.The rich should help the poor._,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided._,8.It is necessary to master a foreign language._,用下划线画出下列句子的主语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构。,名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,主语从句,it,为形式主语，,不定式为真正的主语,5,1.During the 1990s,American c,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。,动词在句中作谓语,，一般放在,主语之后,。,（,2,）谓语,V,(Predicate),6,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，,用下划线画出下列句子的谓语，并总结。,1、He practices running every morning.,The plane took off at ten oclock.,总结:由一个动词或动词短语构成_。,2、You may keep the book for two weeks.,He has caught a bad cold.,总结:情态动词或其他助动词加_构成_。,注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,（主谓一致）,简单谓语,动词原形,复合谓语,7,用下划线画出下列句子的谓语，并总结。简单谓语动词原形复合谓语,用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般,位于系动词后,。常见系动词（be,keep,remain,stay,become,grow,turn,get,go,feel,smell,sound,taste,look，prove等）,（3）表语 P(Predicative),8,用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词后。常,用下划线画出下列句子的表语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构,1.Our teacher of English is an American._,2.Is it yours?_,3.The weather has turned cold._,4.The speech is exciting._,5.Three times seven is twenty one?_,6.His job is to teach English._,7.His hobby is playing football._,8.The meeting is of great importance._,9.Time is up.The class is over._,10.The truth is that he has never been abroad._,名词,代词,形容词,分词,数词,不定式,动名词,介词短语,副词,表语从句,9,用下划线画出下列句子的表语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构名词,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1）状态系动词用来,表示主语状态,，只有,be,一词，例如：,He is a teacher.,2）,持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,stand,例如：,He always keep silent at meeting.,10,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，,3）,感官系动词,主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,look.,例如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,4）,变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,.例如：,He became mad after that.,除此之外，还有prove,turn out,appear,seem等,。,The rumor proved false.,His plan turned out a success。,11,3）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,表示动作的对象或承受者，一般,位于及物动词和介词后面,。,（,4,）宾语 O（Object）,12,表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。（4）宾,用下划线画出下列句子的宾语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构,1.They visited an exhibition yesterday._,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time._,3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five._,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday._,5.He pretended not to see me._,6.I enjoy listening to popular music._,7.I think（that）he is fit for his office._,名词,代词，动名词,名词，数词,名词化形容词，名词,不定式,动名词,宾语从句,13,用下划线画出下列句子的宾语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构名词,宾语种类：,1,.,双宾语,（,间接宾语O,(,人,）,+,直接宾语O（物）,）,Lend me your dictionary,please.,He gave me a book yesterday.Buy sth for sb,2,.,复合宾语,（,宾语O+宾补C,）构成逻辑上的主谓关系,1,),They elected him their monitor.名词,2,),They painted their boat white.形容词,3,),Let the fresh air in.介词,4,),You mustn,t force him to lend his money to you.不定式,5,),We saw her entering the room.动名词,6,),We found everything in the lab in good order.介词短语,7,),We will soon make our city what your city is now.从句,14,宾语种类：14,修饰，限制，描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。在汉语中常用“的”表示。,（5）定语（attribute）,15,修饰，限制，描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,用下划线画出下列句子的定语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构,1.Guilin is a beautiful city._,2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country._,3.There are thirty women teachers in our school._,4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised._,5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom._,6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out._,7.He is reading an article about how to learn English._,8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons._,形容词,分词,代词,不定式短语,名词,动名词,介词短语,定语从句,16,用下划线画出下列句子的定语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构形容,修饰,动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。,（6）状语(adverbial),17,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成,用下划线画出下列句子的状语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构,1.Light travels most quickly._,2.He has lived in the city for ten years._,3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination._,4.He sat there,reading a book._,5.Wait a minute._,6.Once you begin,you must continue._,副词或副词性的短语,介词短语,不定式（原因状语）,分词短语做伴随状语,名词,状语从句,18,用下划线画出下列句子的状语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构副词,9,种状语种类如下：,1.How about meeting again,at six,?时间,2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain.,原因,3.I shall go there,if it doesnt rain.,条件,4.Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.地点,5.She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.方