单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Scott A.Snell,Cornell University,393 Ives Hall,Ithaca,NY 14853,(607)255-4112,scott.snellcornell.edu,Competing through Knowledge:,The Human Capital Architecture,通过知识竞争：人力资本架构,Scott A.SnellCompeting throug,1,IBM,“You can get capital and erect buildings,but it takes people to build a business.”,“你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要员工才能完成交易”,Thomas J.Watson,IBM,Did IBM forget?,$168 billion(Tobins Q=2.1),Hardware,software,and services,Nobel prize-winning scientists,3,768 patents(1993-1995),IBM“You can get capital and er,2,Whats Happening Today?今天发生了什么？,Industry Changes工业变化,Globalization全球化,Information technology信息技术,Knowledge-based strategies以知识为基础的战略,Core competencies核心能力,Innovation变革,External partnerships外部合作伙伴,Leading to,导致,New Business Equation新的商业等式,Need for需要,Organizational agility敏捷的组织,Speed速度,Innovation变革,Cost成本,网络型组织,对顾客诚实,智力资本,信息技术,合作者与契约伙伴,打破界限,关注核心能力,Whats Happening Today?今天发生了什么,3,Core Competence核心能力,is a bundle of skills and technologies that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers.,包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。,Hamel and Prahalad,1994,SONY索尼,Miniaturization微型设计Pocketability便携式,FEDERAL EXPRESS联邦快递,Logistics后勤（协调能力）On-time delivery准时送货,HONDA本田,Engine design/mfg.机械设计,Reliable performance值得信赖的产品,MOTOROLA摩托罗拉公司,Wireless technology无线技术,Untethered comm.无线沟通,Core Benefit to,Competence Customer,核心能力 给消费者的利益,Core Competence核心能力is a bu,4,Knowledge,Technologies,Processes,Relationships,CRITERIA标准,valuable有价值的,unique唯一的,extendable可扩展性,learning学习,Benefits,VALUE=-,Costs,UNIQUE=(social complexity+causal ambiguity),LEARNING=(experience x challenge),Competing Through Peoplet人的竞争,Identify&develop core skills确定和发展核心技能,Integrate diverse activities整合多样化的动机,Respond with agility&speed敏捷、快速反应,Empower action授权,Innovate变革,Core Competence核心能力,is a bundle of,skills and technologies,that enables a company to provide a particular benefit to customers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。,-,Hamel and Prahalad,价值收益/成本,学习经验挑战,唯一社会的复杂性原因的模糊性,KnowledgeTechnologiesProcesses,5,KNOWLEDGE知识,-customer客户,-technology技术,-operations 执行,-managing 管理,PROCESSES流程,-customer segmentation客户服务部门,-just-in-time(hrs)及时服务,-mass customization模块用户化,-build to order(AIM)以订单为核心,-ROIC metrics 计算基本回报率制度,-experimentation试验,TECHNOLOGY技术,-Premier pages主页,-software installation软件安装,-TPM triggers(parts,service),-customer purchasing systems客户购买系统,RELATIONSHIPS关系,-customer intimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度,-Platinum councils顶尖顾问,-supplier partnerships(Sony)供应商合作,-employee involvement雇员参与,-third party service maintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务,-distribution agreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议,“Virtual Integration”,Leading to,Value价值,Uniqueness唯一,Learning学习,“A low-value product can be made by anyone anywhere.When you have knowledge no one else has access to-thats dynamite.We guard our intellectual assets even more carefully than our financial assets.”低价值的产品任何人、任何地方都可以做。当你拥有别人无法掌握的知识时那才是优势。我们小心保护着我们的智力资本甚至超过了我们的金融资本,-Roy Vagelos,former CEO Merck,价值整合,KNOWLEDGE知识 PROCESSES流程 TECHN,6,“Positively Outrageous Service”,Southwest Airlines西南航空,TECHNOLOGY技术,-Premier pages主页,-software installation软件安装,-TPM triggers(parts,service),第三方提供维修服务,-customer purchasing systems客户购买系统,PROCESSES流程,-customer segmentation客户服务部门,-just-in-time(hrs)及时服务,-mass customization模块用户化,-build to order(AIM)以订单为核心,-ROIC metrics计算基本回报率制度,-experimentation试验,KNOWLEDGE知识,-customer客户,-technology技术,-operations 执行,-managing 管理,RELATIONSHIPS关系,-customer intimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度,-Platinum councils顶尖顾问,-supplier partnerships(Sony)供应商合作,-employee involvement雇员参与,-third party service maintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务,-distribution agreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议,积极的额外服务,“Positively Outrageous Service,7,KNOWLEDGE知识,-,microbiology微生物,-biochemistry有机化学,-imunodiagnostics免疫诊断,(antibodies/conjugates)抗体/融合,PROCESSES流程,-R&D/Mfg.研发,-bioconjugation生物聚和,-antibody purification抗体提纯,-PCR amplification,-DNA hybridization DNA杂交,-TQM全面质量管理,-commercialization商品化,TECHNOLOGY,-immunoassays确定抗原,-ELISA(serum/blood)免疫血清,-rapid diagnostics快速诊断,-DNA based DNA基础,RELATIONSHIPS关系,-CRC-DT,CDC,-U.S.Army 美国军队,-World Health Org国际健康组织.,-universities大学,-distribution network分享网络,-employee(science/mkt)雇员,C,2,=“Rapid Learning”,Leading to,An organization at the frontier of its intellectual field is more likely to stay at the frontier.It can attract and challenge more and better intellect than its competitors.By solving more advanced problems,it has more capacity to solve others.And so on.”一个处于智力领域的前沿的组织一定处于行业的前沿。它能够比竞争对手吸引更多更好的人才且为其提供更多的机会。通过解决尖端问题它也能解决其他问题。,-JB Quinn,BIOTECH INC.,Value价值,Uniqueness唯一,Learning学习,C,2,=快速学习,KNOWLEDGE知识 PROCESSES流程 TECHN,8,Combination of people and systems,leads to.,Human,Capital,Social,Capital,Organizational,Capital,BioTech,Inc.:,Intellectual capital生物技术：智力资本,People,Systems,KNOWLEDGE知识,-microbiology,-biochemistry,-bioconjugation,-imunodiagnostics,PROCESSES流程,-R&D/Mfg.,-bioconjugation,-antibody purification,-PCR amplification,-DNA hybridization,-TQM,-commercialization,TECHNOLOGIES技术,-immunoassays,-ELISA(serum/blood),-rapid dia