单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,十大词性,十大词性,1,词,性,又叫词,类,，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。,其中实词有六类：,名词 noun n.student 学生 代词 pronoun pron.you 你,形容词 adjective adj.happy 高兴的 副词 adverb adv.quickly 迅速地,动词 verb v.cut 砍、割 数词 numeral num.three 三,虚词有四类：,冠词 article art.a 一个 介词 preposition prep.at 在.,连词 conjunction conj.and 和 感叹词 interjection interj.oh 哦,词性又叫词类，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类,2,八大句子成分,八大句子成分,3,主语(subject),动作的发出者，一般位于句首。,名词作主语,English,is very important.,代词作主语,They,go to school by bus.,动名词作主语,Seeing,is believing,.,动词不定式(短语)作主语,It is necessary,to master a foreign language,.,主语(subject)动作的发出者，一般位于句首。,4,谓语,(,predicate,),谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。,（及物动词）All of the students,like,the novel.,（不及物动词）The teacher,came,in,book in hand.,（连系动词）He,looks,worried.,复合谓语：,由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：,You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：,Do,you,speak,English？,They,are working,in a field.,谓语(predicate)谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变,5,宾语,(object),宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语成分一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是”代词宾格”如：me,us,him,（名词）,I like,Chinese food,.,（代词）,I saw,him,yesterday.,（动名词）,I enjoyed,talking,to you.,（动词不定式）,He wanted,to have,a cup of tea.,直接宾语和间接宾语,：,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。,He gave,me some ink.,宾语(object)宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语成分一样,6,表语(predicative),与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征。,（代词）,Is it,yours,?,（形容词）,The weather has turned,cold,.,（数词）,Twenty minus twelve is,eight,.,（不定式）,The speech is,to tell,us about the job.,（介词短语）,The machine must be,out of order,.,（动名词短语）,His hobby is,playing football,.,（分词）My watch is,broken,.,表语(predicative)与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，,7,定语,(attribute),修饰限制名词或代词，可分为前置定语和后置定语。,（代词）,His,father is a doctor.他父亲是一名医生。,（介词短语）The girl,under the tree,is Kate.,（形容词）I bought a,new,dictionary.,（副词）The people,here,are very friendly.,（不定式）Would you like something,to drink,?,（现在分词）A,barking,dog seldom bites.,（过去分词）The suggestion,sent,to the committee was adopted.,定语(attribute)修饰限制名词或代词，可分为前置定语,8,状语,(adverbial),状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句；状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首。,（时间）I often get up at 5:30,i,n the morning,.,（地点）Pandas only live,in China,.,（程度）He is,quite,young.（修饰adj.，放在adj.前）,（目的）He took some,money,to buy a newspaper,.,（方式）We usually go to school,on foot,.,（让步）,Though she has a lot of money,she is unhappy.,状语(adverbial)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句；,9,（条件）,If you dont work hard,you,ll fall behind others.,（原因）We didn,t go,outing,because of the bad weather,.,（结果）The wind was,so,strong,that we couldnt move forward.,（伴随）,The doctor hurried off,with a medicine box under his arm,.,The teacher came in,followed by a group of his students,.,【高中英语】词性、句子成分、句型课件,10,补语,(complement),补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。,（名词）We call her,Xiao,Li,.,（形容词）You must keep the room,clean,and,tidy,.,（动词不定式）John asked me,to help,him with his Chinese.,（过去分词）I will have my hair,cut,tomorrow.,（现在分词）We saw the boy,playing,basketball just now.,（动词原形）Rain makes plants,grow,.,后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call,think,make等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep,find,get等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,sound,等)，使役动词let,have,make动词不定式不带 to，,get,要带,to,。,补语(complement)补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常,11,同位语,(appositive),一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。,由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。,Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.,Mr.Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。,如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。,He told me that his brother,John,is a world-famous doctor.,brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。,同位语(appositive)一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个,12,五大基本句型,五大基本句型,13,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,S(subject)+V(vt.)+O(object),中国：,三口之家,e.g.,We are family.,主语+谓语+宾语 S(subject)+V(vt.,14,主语,+,谓语,S(subject)+V(vi.),日本：丁克家族,e.g.,They agreed.,主语+谓语 S(subject)+V(vi.),15,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,S(subject)+V(vt.)+IO(object)+DO(direct object),中国：四口之家（二胎政策）,e.g.,I give my brother a book.,常见的,双宾语动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等,主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S(subject),16,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾补,S(subject)+V(vt.)+O(object)+OC(object complement),欧美：保姆,e.g.,I keep the room clean.,We call them moon-cakes.,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 S(subject)+V(,17,常见的加宾补的动词,find I find English interesting.,make Reading makes me,happy.,feel I felt it necessary to,learn English.,keep I kept the room tidy.,leave Dont leave me alone.,think I think it possible to,succeed.,drive The weather drive,me mad.,wish I wish you happy.,believe I believe her,trustworthy.,consider I consider it easy,to find the park.,get Try to get him pleased.,常见的加宾补的动词find I find,18,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,S(subject)+V(copula verb)+P(predictive),照镜子,e.g.,She looks beautiful.,Dancing is her hobby.,The book is on the desk.,主语+系动词+表语 S(subject)+V(co,19,常见的系动词,状态系动词：,be,keep,stay,seem,appear,maintain,prove,remain,感官系动词：,look,smell,sound,taste,feel,变成系动词：,become,turn,get,grow,go,无被动,无进行,常见的系动词状态系动词：无被动,20,并列复合句,并列复合句,21,四大并列连词,and,：表示联合关系。类似的还有,not only.but also,neither.nor.,等，中文意思为,“,和,”,，,“,同,”,，,“,不仅,.,而且,”,等。,but,：表示转折关系。类似的还有,while,yet,等，中文意思为,“,但是,”,。,or,：表示选择关系。类似的还有,otherwise,or else,either.or.,等，中文意思为,“,或者,”,，,“,否则,”,。,so,：表示因果关系。类似的还有,for,等，中文意思为,“,因此,”,，