单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,CET-4 完形填空,CET-4 完形填空,一、完型填空题的设计,填空(Cloze)又称综合填空,命题原理是格式塔心理学，强调整体感知，完形填空测试的就是考生结合上下文的语境(context)对英语的,整体感知能力,。,如果空格要求学生填入,连词、介词、冠词,等，则空格为,功能性,空格；如果要求填入,名词、形容词、动词,等实义词，则空格为,语义,空格。目前，完形填空试题的题目难度不断加大，重点从传统项目题逐渐转到对整体预感的测试和整个语篇的理解，所以根据,上下文选择词汇,的题目比例正在增大。,一、完型填空题的设计填空(Cloze)又称综合填空,2,二、完型填空题的做题步骤,步骤一，阅读主题句，把握总的思想。,Writing in a diary,watching television,talking with friends,speaking on the telephone,and reading a menu-what do they have in common?,.,Thus,_ may be defined as the means by which people exchange feelings and ideas with each other.,A.information B.learning,C.communication,D.acquisition,二、完型填空题的做题步骤步骤一，阅读主题句，把握总的思想。,3,步骤二，选择答案。,按照,先易后难,的原则，即首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的,直接的明显,的答案。这就增强了信心，减轻了心理压力。然后,瞻前顾后，不要忘记首尾照应,。另外，要牢记文章的,中心思想,，每个空白处的含义应与前后句的意义联系起来理解。,步骤二，选择答案。按照先易后难的原则，即首先选出那些只根据上,4,步骤三，为不确定答案寻找线索。,对于那些难度颇高的空格只有在,字里行间寻找线索。一定要上下连贯，合乎逻辑。,步骤四，回头补缺,不提倡在一个题上耽误太多的时间。,步骤五，核实答案。,步骤三，为不确定答案寻找线索。对于那些难度颇高的空格只,5,三、考察内容,词汇,第一、词义辨析,（单词的掌握，基本义）,例1,That“something special”was men creative individuals who could invent machines,find new,75,of power,and establish business organizations to reshape society.,A)origins(由来,出身),B)sources,C)bases D)discoveries,三、考察内容词汇,6,第二、形近词辨异,例1,Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper,she,75,everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at least how to drive a car.,A)inquired B)insured,C)informed,D)instructed,例2,Following,88,the man guided the plane toward the airfield.,A)impression B)information,C)inspections,D)instructions,第二、形近词辨异,7,第三、词语搭配,例1,The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become,85,with the controls of the plane.,A)intimate,B)familiar,C)understood D)close,例2,Something,73,was needed to start the industrial process.,A)else,B)near C)extra D)similar,第三、词语搭配,8,Take it _69_ granted that he likes everything and he probably will,A.with B.as C.over,D.for,But these various means of communication differ,in,important ways _68_ human language.,A.about B.with,C.from,D.in,the great tit(山雀)is a case _77_point.,A.in,B.at C.of,D.for,Take it _69_ granted that he,9,语法：（句）,第一、指代关系,例1,The,foreign research,scholar,usually isolates,76,in the laboratory as a means of protection;However,what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university,system,quite different from,79,at home.,76.,A)himself,B)oneself C)him D)one,79.A)those B)which C)what,D)that,例 2,No,two,speakers speak in exactly the same way.We can always hear differences,74,them,74.,A)between,B)among C)of D)from,语法：（句）第一、指代关系,10,例 3,We can change an utterance by replacing,one,word,in it with _73_.,A.ours B.theirs,C.another,D.others,例4,They also suggest that our readers do not call for friends only among,those who,are most like them,but find many_78_ differ in race.,78.A.people,B.who,C.what D.friends,例 3 We can change an utterance,11,第二、虚拟语气,例1,Professors will help students who need it,but,84,that their students should not be too dependent on them.,84.A)hate B)dislike C)like,D)prefer,例 2,If places,87,alike,there would be little need for geographers.,87.A)being B)are C)be,D)were,例 3,but _63_ you were to move the skin you would not tell anything about the race to which the individual belonged.,A.since,B.if,C.as D.while,第二、虚拟语气,12,第三、倒装,部分倒装，即只有,系动词、助动词和情态动词,参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：,1、否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构,（hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,not once，under no circumstances,in no way，no sooner than）用于句首时所导致的倒装。,如：Vitamins do not provide energy,_42_ do they construct or build any part of the body.,A.either B.so,C.nor,D.never,第三、倒装部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与,13,2、虚拟倒装。,指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中，将IF省略，把should,had,were提至主语前，形成倒装。,e.g.Were I you,Ill never promise to do that.,3、强调倒装。,为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装：句子结构要求倒装：如：,a.so 倒装句,b.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only,often，,then,so,c.以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语；little,hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,nowhere,not once,d.某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语:under no,circumstances,in no way,no sooner than,hardly/scarcely/barelywhen/before,e.As作“虽然但是”解时用半倒装。,4、省略倒装。,涉及词语包括so,neither,nor,例,_70_ does size have anything to do with intelligence.,A.Only B.Or,C.,Nor,D.So,2、虚拟倒装。指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中，将IF省略，把s,14,第四、从句和强调句型,例 1,The word geography comes from two Greek words,ge,the Greek word for“earth”and graphing,75,means“to write”.,A)what B)that,C)which,D)it,例 2,but a bird has a single alarm cry,_75_ means“danger!”,A.this B.that,C.which,D.it,例 3,These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high cliffs,or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places,88,the air is clean and the scenery(风景)is beautiful,A)there B)when C)which D,)where,第四、从句和强调句型 例 1 The word geogra,15,第三、语篇考查（篇）,例 1,The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in