单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,二.粘土矿物 clay minerals,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,1.粘土矿物的基本结构单元,Most clay minerals are aluminosilicates,the major,elements in their structure being oxygen,silicon,and,aluminum.Silicon atoms are in tetrahedra,and the,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,粘土矿物的,基本结构单元,硅氧四面体tetrahedron,铝氧八面体octahedron,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,SiO,4,-4,化学结构式,硅氧四面体 tetrahedra,氧原子带,一个负电,怎么办？,0,Si-,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,二八面体（dioctahedral sheet）八面体中仅2/3空隙被Al原子占据着。,tetrahedral sheet,铝氧八面体 octahedra,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,Most clay minerals are aluminosilicates,the major,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,铝氧八面体 octahedra,铝氧八面体 octahedra,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,公用底角氧原子,我们还带一个,负电荷，么办,?,哈哈，我们满意了,硅氧四面体片,tetrahedral sheet,硅氧四面体片底层有六角形网眼要记住！,哇噻，,网眼半径1.32埃。,谁会被陷进去？,唉。上层氧原,子电价未平衡,二八面体（dioctahedral sheet）八面体中仅2/3空隙被Al原子占据着。,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,公用上下l两层氧原子形成片,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,粘土矿物 clay minerals,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,氧还有一个负电荷未得到平衡，,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,Silicon atoms are in tetrahedra,and the,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,铝氧八面体 octahedra,AliO,6,-9,化学结,构式,每个氧原子带,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,铝氧八面体 octahedra,硅氧四面体tetrahedron,二八面体（dioctahedral sheet）八面体中仅2/3空隙被Al原子占据着。,公用上下l两层氧原子形成片,粘土矿物的基本结构单元,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,aluminumu atoms are in octahedra.,（一）铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的构造特征,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,氧还有一个负电荷未得到平衡，,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,粘土矿物构造特征Structure of some silicate minerals,公用上下l两层氧原子形成片,氧还有一个负电荷未得到平衡，,怎么办？,二八面体（dioctahedral sheet）,八面体中仅2/3空隙被Al原子占据着。,三八面体：（trioctahedral sheet),八面体中3/3空隙被二价镁等占据。,铝氧八面体片octahedral sheet,为什么氧原子和硅原子形成四面体构造，而铝原子和氧原子形成八面体构造？,电性平衡、几何原因，追求稳定性,