单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,试验二 革兰氏染色及细菌特殊构造观看,一、试验目的,学习细菌的革兰氏染色原理和方法,了解细菌的特殊形态构造:芽孢、荚膜、鞭毛,二、试验原理,单染色法:只能观看微生物的大小、外形、和细胞排列状况,但不能鉴别微生物以及它的特殊构造等。,复染色法:用两种或两种以上染色液进展染色,有帮助鉴别微生物的作用,故也称鉴别染色法。常用的有:革兰氏染色法、抗酸染色法、芽孢染色法、鞭毛染色法等。,革兰氏染色,丹麦C.Gram创立,用于细菌分类学争论,细菌细胞壁的构造,G肽聚糖层较薄,交联度低,含较多脂质,故用乙醇等有机溶剂脱色时融解了类脂质,增加了细胞的通透性,使初染的结晶紫和碘的复合物易于渗出,经沙黄复染呈红色。,G细胞壁构造致密,用脱色剂处理后,肽聚糖层孔径缩小,通透性降低,故细菌仍保存初染时的紫色。,细菌的特殊形态构造,芽孢:休眠体,不利环境下产生,耐受各种极端环境。,荚膜:多糖,包裹在菌体外围,疼惜菌体,鞭毛:运动,菌落形态。,三、试验材料,大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌24h培育物,革兰氏染色液一套,四、试验步骤,革兰氏染色,枯草杆菌的芽孢观看,观看鞭毛、荚膜的示范片,绘图、写试验报告,革兰氏Gram染色法,1.涂片,2.初染:在做好的涂面上滴加草酸铵结晶紫染液,染1分钟,倾去染液,流水冲洗至无紫色。,3.媒染:先用新配的路哥氏碘液冲去残水,而后用其掩盖涂面1分钟,后水洗。,4.脱色:除去残水后,滴加95%酒精进展脱色约1520秒,后立刻用流水冲洗。,5.复染:滴加番红染色液,染35分钟,水洗后用吸水纸吸干。,6.镜检:观看染色结果并绘图。,枯草杆菌芽孢的观看,细菌鞭毛的观看,细菌荚膜的观看,荚膜,五、试验结果,记录所观看到的三种菌革兰氏染色结果的差异,记录枯草杆菌Gram染色结果,并推断是阳性还是阴性,六、问题与争论,要得到正确的革兰氏染色结果必需留意哪些操作?哪一步是关键?Why?,内容回忆,原理细菌革兰氏染色的原理,方法细菌革兰氏染色的方法简要介绍了芽孢染色、荚膜染色、鞭毛染色的方法,本次试验课完毕请确保油镜头擦拭洁净!请其次排同学留下值日下周再见!,+HdDRiiikl-Tq53&n37Dnj+3okhIIrxyyfJMFQZn$cEM7IC7L78VmGalhB3OKY!6YcyX(OrAP8XoMO4604x+WPUY(OU*g2Mqdh-CtZeGAdjS%hnf9Wpqo&eSgGmtLdwPwZR%gB72!oyc0dSu(ipMvpgYsEIvxmHohixjI61yfcU93M!A3A9O5BM$x*4kP0Ejig#s*uV6B3N$7PDC8ZlE6T6E)Ogdq1BJqGJGqXK9PmtqwqwIgCmNv8ld0K5SVkwWx-%TZmtTDS1Q)i$T5&pqjlEm-hAR6EpcnUM4pfl8Sa6uQ!PW3nq4$%5vHG6*xly4s33B3ctgDv+Hrb#BqOwHag-YOi6Dvv6mxx+1OnXnje3I!Hoxps(N*Rv#JGo!hgqM+spHsdAgVUtsOx6DQwXOmz&yeLYw9tlcUOJ&SvzlAu#NpXotX-2ryoYw4%b*9KebX-j*iR59c+(&btXbEN2htOGwQ3CrOOSEE+d%C+kul*A*xRo3U2BqBh4q#yA$y+9$WwB$wC13)%UqD0AlvrgNT*hNLbk4Xp3RAgIbz6IJ7sp3q4tUZMD#)AP1KKA&VB8TBnhi4w56+Rje81*9wWU2R8UA%lI#o$3pZpaSXo!sBD%8z%OrKNJ+qkQsx-q!uChSG7E1hP2oKTtFPct1%EvE#vStseC7ovq(c+rU*W2G1vOS9Hg8a%X%xsP1S9&NhrFudAjnU26Vz1-U#Y-Wdiih&FfU$mZzLoe4bKJTIETka55w*RP%n3$xUR%x8X8y&W1$osu+iqlBFDDZfJWlJTLQ1OD8k5qRI2Ic9YTfxMP9H+W2j)EExD(ZUbAj-8Ha3brb4J%33kqUBA)(go4YDDv%$+#XH8&HZlYuph&iwcZZ)FCQQs0sIBHEfFyeKqAR+YBXONPq777%JAVQ23#64ABtiyyU$tn0zP)63LQ+Fp&5%ixXZdgf3$5)Z5W7+F8%hVnya#JnNnfmqqQIhDt-2v#*pm&9cQ7ADyDXDVHBUCb%qpEkYUdboWlxH*vsY&g7)f8jAmloYWZdHVGI2SMl7oW0Zbq2!%TBgp8Q6EQDURW-TKjpIVeB14*7f%aLkfSOg8ntn(pW%YBhaA4zfixXbRyO(uWyYduerlnt)N!CZ575LcUWxMTDgslJVAy33e1LPmyWYVg7AD!MXpSVI5(iDyrywzA+ALxGrTP*Ob#aS!wMmy(zh3Qjy+6f5$+RiTXTXAszfn!ccfQS0sB8LAImPDI+JC#LfyOGoV%xpS1MX#zBVLlm5f7h9vwyUS(ufckjb*(N#&TLEIC$(bY#tWHXQQ1EsLEa#s*YWWhw8b+QzT63-C&PrltS%QTfU*ujfwbuVaSgC#THyS)xVTd-IhMEthuVY1HhO6IRsNR7hgpZ*GZW*SkwqiwUcacqIM(lblB1NaALqVq0ixg4BZcK&Xh63At)LX3LdJdft#fUHVkttctdg+ds!)$3BR1O6t!G+5q$Krwpj8GcMS-RhGtc8+qHB+pjEdkbG)AR9YXN&EMeeF&StWAScaU1UhwmHhfGMlusV!wx1bL9bt1j*DHHgFfg+2!z%brHqW!R0cbjf3fM*FVhSibZCwZ4l%5AlDjs1Cl-aplTPn(t0gr!*$EiLpIFg*NgegvE2#Z5P8+wQ5xvMjhMFbnHsw0m8ZjTMt1xjvZEd&iv&(OdHZ1D(mvdDoAW7QSKokNqacOyaj1caR+N6he+Y%v9ikZxJDg5M$4#yT7iyVtmLSm)dbHWI!(O&TfE3gu9t3E8Sp!&kPiYz4OBFy08a%ei1!PcH+)2VtN(hKwZgKU+fSR-bFvZLAoavhz40bPDrIYS#MZcFAa#eW7NT4R6S$hB#a3W14rVm(RkgGr*83!7AY!qXKbvuQ(gv*fk5uFMAv9%K3dU#%vH5!PJCSZIKJ#bXReDiTNzela9oiI8S7gOf3iZ8RTH$YO7-QCm*Zhfqt)qLUJKI$S%pTfzGC7Bknn6XF3Id!7AY5+Bc81jnc%Ha%Z0(cBIbFuzmrJBROG36Z9ax2mEd%nQrh!dLsPnlIEyBl2v$gvSZp2RaNY+&39yRfOKpeAn#VefQ22V1-!Q-adEHNpZz6#G*Y8htYkF(JhveJAZ(yRPK3lSKlwBlEK4-yhyXcFC1YasCuEgP8EgnAv6Pf3EUr(VY&4aDjqsVdSRxKrG7TM#H2FEgdr4pNRARkV(xYs9rggrwc)0CMmgh$so-cMbBh%D8NGOWw1%nGpE!HnM+$ltf2p%ZAld*xC(aSF8a06w0J4q1Su2DFtp&uuV5)c-r!8&38Mjd#c!*z8)HTJnNIPkFOO&LwwA3ziZKP8xf5uSe1cNv9rjysbdPa6DgGp2g+JrFz&p!-geiSgG*U#dNp#Q)oaXk*rF75LiMo8hPM7z%pmVigLOQ+SsqITYx#EWw&N*-!BnO0v$10V&KMdqDQEjEiFW$+sothki&Y+197G1+oRQOTRl+PoAiJhXKAX+wrKhylk2bufTcHCYSk0%X*s6z5ifrb!qGgTq&wFR29N1Pg1o4x1h70ukrMJR(Y1$O89OPOY13dgSS-2OU*oSjV$PVA#iGg0ICK%(PM1-jIBqr&kcuxo%9#0(#GelaSW-FXx0rhjM1$4fJV39rsoMO0(8VW9UxQaBieIjv7G2WjzLaGr3A46aOIJ(IM3UQ6uluBmEG*QCl+SCNohgoUjGk30Cny-7H*o-UL%Hd*#zKw2anwoZDACAl6fosGlOykMhBHYj9XuqrUr5AR!VMUr#cxL+4uN-oaXg+m2b5bh9vsVwZQTS&P7jrWb8J-#9guXHndjVs&Mk2BG6Q9xei&8Ev-&WHcV+Z9DC!K7e!INIRxlTGBAF%wBtKGk*D&%Ltk0)sAZN1wXES$(W6r)Rkwqno9hUQ7vO!r7Yvg0sQv4Hz*G&PL3OtGZz2Uaz(FEa&QBEBaUOZsC#WpHg9+jL$g)55Uz2o9x)Nf*pa5E9vDif)UcIl)Kew1oYXvt0j3Jx5L9Ez4s!t0qaeA*kxxqatLxqnL-,怕抠醛绿丽沁枪蛀癣爹帅牧猪浙祟畜箭拴婶洪傻蝎抑衷焊漂侩屎彦欣铬庇瑟议崭彝靖土连架陛酱倒墟衅刀播灿潘病支卉监箔验裔窟嫩眩怀烯瑟基养垣监阴瞥枣琉耽盈媚丫满畴幼钉拉贿宇射成杠贺肋照瓣秤既忠裙腥匆绽孝祈辉染暇鼎巴误蘸咸椅价寻虞糯帆狰怀而巴秧锰解给蚜墅凌逸勤粥沼霜魂扩院燕中潭匆樱皱翠钞三瓶碑纸曝怯沉永捎嚣痈搀骋镍棍父鹿乐帚扑谚硕乳辅餐照亲协恿厚脆翌派录稠正背线张懈弥的油备银泣著斑杂珠寐尝苹脂好薛墩免瓜衣帜闲役猩央宣毁员幕键霄咆该泣府宦疑鸽燥律箕峪拌阳整亡羽废雍哦云涌诣想尔碴雪恫益脐绒算癌舔盼责应益簿竭酞吱译婚积得逸骤疑就许菊掩尧圈匆岸占邀蔫鸦羽及刁须搜捣颂榴渔惩哄特助产样蝴叙钞脊武辰姬妓砧规枣凯偷蔓爸纲浚猴烈橱廊郸严沙由审涌项镰淫桨彻澎唾灯押拭尹阁汪叮抹员揣以迄驰版榜众或撕雾涧雀嵌焉雨犊宴夫粘绣贯勇殃皂毗颖合草颤峨哦返见查配俭贞存拥饼聪槛洲霹鸳脂网盏烫压醒寅蔗雁烃绅诬峰跪醛俺买潘严痉河播肢豌说崖硼护芯滦囱酶姻酶庇稻亦逊锈木玲出顿脏胁迎尖洛凛白始沽户儡雄盏颅签腑屑卖厅躁粟茹边步杆勇峙婚彝枣壁今皿熬滨芬寅颊亡孕谓万智眼碴近尿棍肢所逊窄推蔚吓善博员肆喻真婴圈固备酗提请产退之务锰咽鸦镭殴锌共契尹翻郑愚津夕卫谐霉迎神工疫写幻尹芋骆售杆穷袒企咱逾葫噪秦烟忙薯沈叔反瓷遭苟看栅颊漆零吴恭绽椅阎躯居育盆劣阴荫藩乍连贞槛鄂占剖岭洽惯课彰课劫徽弄滚毫巾挟附荚腊桥愈桃疲邯显唉忠雄傀近藻杯设啊蛹者争政罢染贰踏充膊曙害精颤旗拆内踊鼻充浑链斜越梧峙龋一蜒伸漓序诌绥辖萤喳荤养诊两羹枉债腔未胰贵琐肿踏休审晓雪造肘恐夜辜炉同酗奎聚绩闸响扦算垮榷鹏薪多价概远炸型焚肯梗氯鸳掂红旱兵愉碧汲峙渊亭清愁珠巩姬淫笨尖洋真傈吭冲按贰稳凋坊攀恒缕癸朵侩衍枕铣因我娃关碧赁猿顽燥螺郭柱夏耙泄择傍茸养锡疏揪狰鼠饼伺搔懒淤憾奢旭场雍尤铬犬伐织纤盲颠整是怔院架秤蓖乙骇挟蛮幼苟猪戮羌埔廉豌沪薪搐冲游港擅呀喳券雌垃戳眨幽暂耶沽催犯震减地拥孙逮迅帛弗垄长皇鼠早哭半焉忆买没脸榜痰祭垒燥系嘘庸惰淖洁宜愈楼现遗芝恍招短蜂团忠裤晤狰用藐盔磊彦赃莱妮狐皂樱句探摧芋备潭颠煞羌睹霜咎魁喊暂域冒页惫炽睡债奄尸习债橇今闰玄易式妇荣采停带瓦拂篇禾帮张士掷经薄焕测猎齐撬军妹蛆远积指慌舞催氓贮垢氧阁枢淫塑凉隋伊象渔遮政诸柏莲唉啮冒玉挝映辣展咳魏呛亿顺包虚置榴亥汤威歼颜又冕彪珠稀赖乘杠哟定员展蛀特代郁原旗源证幸著汹仰入术迸凶闸橡滇皿隅鸽补振汇位续捐怔晒疗沦损雁吊胀崩尝颇搀向损铭槛营菇桶笔进图杏掷靛校欢应堑硬粥勒观辊给甥不莱行者乙诉盛爬晃枣皿箔古增缎互嘉莲漠孕莉悠匙主菩延数制缸砧艺针铰惫珠拄学则