,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit 1,Business Organizations,Warm-up Activities,I.Pair works,Business organization refers to a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it.What do you know about business organization?Think about and talk with your partner.,II.Group work,Work in small groups,discussing the factors that can influence business organization management.,III,Think about and then make a list of forms or types of business organization that you know,for example Sole Proprietorship,Partnerships.,Background Information,History of the Corporation,Although definitions and descriptions of corporations have changed dramatically through the last few hundred years,the first corporation actually began long ago,as early as 1602.Two important corporations were formed at this time and both were given a multi-year monopoly on trade by their government.,The Oldest American Businesses,When looking at American history,you cannot forget to look at the industries that have built it.,The history of American business is as interesting as the history of America.When looking at the history of U.S.businesses,you find that they all started out small in the land of opportunity,but endured generations of change to become the oldest American businesses,.,Notes of Text,1.Sole Proprietorship:a type of business entity that is owned and run by one individual and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business 独资经营,2.Partnerships:A partnership is an arrangement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests.合伙人企业,3.Corporations:a large company or group of companies authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law 法人公司,4.Limited Liability Company:a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures.It is a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions.LLCs do not need to be organized for profit 股份，有限责任公司,Text analysis,1.All businesses must adopt some legal that defines the rights and liabilities of participants in the businesss ownership,control,personal liability,life span,and financial structure.,所有的企业都必须采用某种合法的布局结构，由这种结构来决定企业各方在所有权、决定权、各方责任、有效期限以及财务结构等方面的权利和义务。,adopt,vt.,采取；接受；收养；正式通过,vi.,采取；过继,adopt vt,采用；收养；采纳；采取,phrase:,adopt measures,采取措施,Should Adopt,应采用；要采纳；应采取,Adopt Authority,接受权限,Adopt Me,收留我,Adopt Prefab,采用组合式,adopt SPC,使制程在管制状态下,Adopt Austria,采用奥地利,configuration,n.配置；结构；外形,例：Otherwise,the configuration should be the same.,否那么，配置应该是相同的。,You do this work in configuration,rather than in code.,您在配置中完成这些工作，而不是通过编写代码。,In this article,however,we deal with only one such configuration.,然而在本文中，我们只涉及其中的一种配置。,Phrase:,hardware configuration 硬件配置,system configuration 系统配置；系统结构,configuration management 配置管理；结构管理,network configuration 网络结构；网路配置,software configuration 软件配置，软件结构,ownership,n.所有权；物主身份,例：What,then,constitutes“ownership?,那么，什么是“所有权？,The matter in dispute is the ownership of the house.,眼下的纠纷是这所房子的所有权问题。,The two sides continued to dispute the ownership of the territory.,双方继续争夺那片领土的所有权。,phrase:,state ownership 公有制；国家所有制,private ownership 私人所有制,land ownership 土地拥有权；土地业权,public ownership 公有制；国家所有,collective ownership 集体所有制,liability,n.责任；债务；倾向,例：On the other hand,your debt is an asset to the bank,but it is your liability.,在另一方面，你的债务是银行的一种资产，但它却是你的债务。,Your savings are a liability to the bank even though those same savings are an asset to you.,你的储蓄对银行来说是一种债务，虽然这些储蓄也是你的一种资产。,But without the formal business entity,you have no hope of limiting your personal liability.,因为没有正规的商务体制，你就没有希望限制你的个人责任。,Phrase:,liability company,limited liability 有限责任；有限债务责任,limited liability company 股份,civil liability 民事责任,liability insurance 责任保险,text Analysis,2.This decision will have long-term implications,so you may want to consult with an accountant and attorney to help you select the form of ownership that is right for you.,这个决定具有长期的影响力，所以你可以与会计师和律师进行讨论，以确定适合你的企业组织形式。,implication,n.含义；暗示；牵连，卷入,例：That was an implication.,而这是一个暗示。,He smiled,but the implication was that he didnt believe me.,他微微一笑,但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。,The implication is that you may need to track all changes to your process,the reason why you made each change,and when the change was made to conform to these regulations.,这含义是您可能需要追踪对您的过程进行的所有的变更，您为什么进行每个变更的原因，以及为了遵守这些法规，什么时候进行的变更。,phrase:,environmental implication环境的连带关系；环境影响,psychological implication心理涵义,land implication土地的影响,attorney,n.律师；代理人,例：The attorney for the defense challenged the juror.,被告辩护律师不同意这位陪审员。,He delegated his power of attorney to his sister-in-law.,他把他的代理人的权力委托给他的嫂子。,The attorney for the defense challenged the evidence as hearsay.,被告辩护律师驳斥该证据为道听途说。,Phrase:,power of attorney 委托书,attorney general 司法部长；首席检察官,district attorney 美国地方检察官略作D.A.,patent attorney 代理人，专利代理人；专利律师；特许弁护士,letter of attorney n.委任状,Text Analysis,3.The vast majority of small businesses start out as sole