单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 12 International Business Organizations,CONTENTS,Teaching Aims,Text A,Text B,Supplement,ary Reading,TEACHING AIMS,After studying this,unit,you are,required to,H,ave a general idea of the,three International Business Organizations,.,Know the history and functions of the WTO,IMF and World Bank.,3,.,M,aster the difficult words and expressions,.,Text A,World Trade Organization,QUESTIONS,Do you know the WTO,?,How was the WTO found?,What are the functions of the WTO?,TEXT A Preview,The World Trade Organization(WTO)is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade.The organization officially commenced on January 1,1995 under the Marrakech Agreement,replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT),which commenced in 1948.,The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries;it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements,and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants adherence to WTO agreements which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments.Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations,especially from the Uruguay Round(1986-1994).,TEXT A Preview,TEXT A,Reading,C,omprehension,Read the following sentences and decide whether they are trueT)or falseF),1.The World Trade Organization(WTO)is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade.(),T,2.,The WTO has 153 members,representing more than 87%of total world trade and 30 observers,most seeking membership.(),3.The WTO establishes a framework for trade policies;it define or specify outcomes.(),TEXT A Reading Comprehension,F,F,4.The tariff commitments made by WTO members in a multilateral trade negotiation and on accession are enumerated in a schedule(list)of concessions.(),5.If satisfaction is obtained,the complaining country may invoke the WTO dispute settlement procedures.(),TEXT A Reading Comprehension,T,F,TEXT A Notes,1.Marrakech Agreement:The Marrakech Agreement was an agreement signed in Marrakech,Morocco,in 1994.The agreement established the World Trade Organization,which came into being upon its entry into force on January 1,1995.,TEXT A Notes,2.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT):The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(typically abbreviated GATT)was negotiated during the UN Conference on Trade and Employment and was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization(ITO).GATT was formed in 1949 and lasted until 1993,when it was replaced by the World Trade Organization in 1995.The original GATT text(GATT 1947)is still in effect under the WTO framework,subject to the modifications of GATT 1994.,3.Uruguay Round:The Uruguay Round was the 8th round of Multilateral trade negotiations(MTN)conducted within the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT),spanning from 1986-1994 and embracing 123 countries as“contracting parties.The Round transformed the GATT into the World Trade Organization.,TEXT A Notes,TEXT A New Words and Expressions:,1.supervise sju:pvaiz vt.监督，管理；指导vi.监督，管理；指导,She wants to supervise the cosmetics shop.,她想自己管理那间化装品店。,2.liberalize librlaiz vt.使自由化；宽大vi.自由化,I instructed our Government to liberalize controls over the export to China of high technology products.,我曾经指示我国政府放宽对中国出口高级技术产品的管制。,TEXT A New Words and Expressions:,mencekmens vt.开始；着手vi.使开始；使得学位,I commence a round of visit.,我开始着手一系列访问。,4.enhanceinh:ns,-hns vt.提高；加强；增加,The computer can enhance the quality of photographs transmitted from space.,计算机可增强从太空发回的照片的质量。,TEXT A New Words and Expressions:,5.preciseprisais adj.精确的；明确的；严格的,Both of the instruments are not precise.,这两台仪器并不都是精密的。,6.forumf:rm n.论坛，讨论会；法庭；公开讨论的广场,Here is the place report forum.,这里是论坛举报的地方。,TEXT A New Words and Expressions:,7.propagate prpeit vt.传播；传送；繁殖；宣传vi.繁殖；增殖,Human beings propagate their species by sexual reproduction,人类是通过有性生殖来繁衍同类的。,8.transparency trnsprnsi n.透明，透明度；幻灯片；有图案的玻璃,Can tune the transparency,size and position.,可以调节透明度，大小和位置。,TEXT A,Assignment,Finish the,rest of,exercises,of Text A,Preview Text B,Text B International Monetary Fund,QUESTIONS,Do you know the IMF,?,How was the IMF found?,What are the functions of the IMF?,TEXT B Preview,The International Monetary Fund was conceived in July 1944 originally with 45 members and came into existence in December 1945 when 29 countries signed the agreement,with a goal to stabilize exchange rates and assist the reconstruction of the worlds international payment system.,TEXT B,Reading,C,omprehension,Read the following sentences and decide whether they are trueT)or falseF),1.The IMF was important when it was second created because it helped the world stabilize the economic system.The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries.(),2.The IMF was formally organized on December 17,1945,when the first 29 countries signed