单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,英语句子概论,第1页,英语句子概论,玉溪一中 孙维云,基本成分,附属成分,独立成分,省略成分,连接成分,简朴句,并列句,复合句,练 习,第2页,主语 不及物动词 （S+Vi）,主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O),主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative),主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir),主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,(S+Vt.+O+O.pl),There+be/stand/lie/live.,简朴句五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。,完整句子一般至少包括2个基本成分，至多4个。,第3页,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语(间),宾语(直),Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+adj,V-ing/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+adj,V-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,be e/get/grow/turn,go/e/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing/V-ed,clause,etc.,第4页,主语 不及物动词,She came/My head aches.,主语 及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 主语补语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,She bought a book for me.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,There+be,There lies a book on the desk.,简朴句基本句型实例,第5页,附属成分,基本成分修饰语。可以是：,定语：即用来修饰名词单词、短语或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外词单词、短语或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,第6页,John often came to chat with me,John likes oranges very much,Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.,As he was ill,he didnt e to class yesterday.,She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.,My father worked in this school ten years ago.,Youd better stay here.,状 语,第7页,Examples:,Oh,！,What is that！（惊叹词）,He has，,alas,，,failed again,Come here，,John,（呼语）,Roll on，,Ocean,，roll on,句中可以去掉成分，去掉后不影响句子完整性。这种成分和句子其他词没有语法关系。,独立成分,第8页,（You）,Come here,（I wish you）,Good luck！,Some gave him praises，but others,（gave him）,rotten eggs,He runs as fast as,if,(he does),not,(run),faster,than you.,(I),Hope you like it.,John should clean the room today and Peter,(should clean it),tomorrow.,句中被省略成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表达一定意思：,省略成分,第9页,连接成分实际上是一种连词，用来连接两个或几种平行词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。,另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一种句子从属于另一种句子（即从句）连词。此类连词叫从属连词。从属连词重要用于引导多种从句。,一种完整句子（主句或从句）必须包括2个到4个基本成分，此外，假如意思上有需要，还可包括一种或更多其他句子成分。,连接成分,第10页,简朴句,简朴句只有一种限定动词（即只有一种主谓构造），它是最小句子单位。重要起如下四种作用中一种。,作一种陈说,提出一种问题,发出一种命令或祈求,表达一种感慨,Examples:,The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.,The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.,Stephen apologized at once.,Does the shop close at 7 tonight?,Shut the door.,What a slow train this is!,第11页,简朴句基本词序,主语动词部分宾语 状语,（谓语）方式地点时间,Iboughta hat yesterday.,The children ran home.,The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.,We ate our meal in silence.,The car stopped suddenly.,A young girl walked confidently in the room.,They drove him away in a police car.,第12页,简朴句扩展成分,简朴句主语、宾语可以加上一种短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其他短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。,I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.,The dog jumped through the window.,He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.,A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.,He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.,The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.,第13页,两个简朴句主语可以用and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等连词连接构成一种简朴句，但应注意主语和谓语动词一致性。,The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.,The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.,Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.,The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flying to Rome.,The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.,The boss may be flying to Berlin.His secretary may be flying to Berlin.,Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.,The boss is not flying to York.His secretary isnt flying to York.,Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.,主语、谓语、宾语合并,第14页,两个简朴句宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接构成一种简朴句。,I met Jane.I met her husband.,I met Jane and her husband.,I met both Jane and her husband.,It was cold.It was wet.,It was cold and wet.,I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.,I didnt meet either Jane or her husband.,I met neither Jane nor her husband.,两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一种简朴句。,We sang all night.We danced all night.,We sang and danced all night.,主语、谓语、宾语合并,第15页,并列句,需把几种意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几种简朴句用并列连词连接起来，这种构造即构成一种并列句。,用分号：,We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一种连接副词：,We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet,等）,We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.,第16页,并列句,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词:,选择并列连词:,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,neither nor,and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and then,第17页,并列句,并列句词序：并列句基本上保留了简朴句词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语,Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.,五种简朴句型可用并列连词连接起来构成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表,Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.,主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点,I ve got a cold,so I m going to bed.,主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾,They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.,第18页,Exercise:,请用合适并列连