单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Tess of the d Urbervilles,Thomas Hardy,李国志,10,英语,3,班,61,张淑仪,10,英语,3,班,62,Contents,I,ntroduction,Appreciation,Analysis,Conclusion,Factors,Thomas Hardy,(1840-1928),-,English poet and novelist of realism.,Son of a village builder in Dorset,southwest of England which used to be a Saxon kingdom names Wessex,a name Hardy used proudly in his writing.,Study architecture in London for five years,Work as an architect in his native land,Begin his literary career as a poet,Turn to writing novels,At about 60 return to poetry writing,Life:,Thomas Hardys Home,Dorchester,Thomas Hardys Home,Thomas Hardys Statue,His Major Works,Hardy himself divided his novels into three groups:,1.,Novels,of Character&Environment,2,.,Novels,of Romances&Fantasies,3,.,Novels,of Ingenuity,1.Novels of,Character and Environment,（性格与环境小说）,The Poor Man and the Lady,(1867,unpublished and lost)穷汉与贵妇人,Under the Greenwood Tree,(1872),绿树荫下,Far from the Madding Crowd,(1874)远离尘嚣,The Mayor of Casterbridge,(1886,),卡斯特桥市长,Tess of the dUrbervilles,(1891,),德伯家的苔丝,Jude the Obscure,(1895,)无名的裘德,2.Romances and Fantasies,（传奇与幻想小说）,A Pair of Blue Eyes,(1873),一双蓝眼睛,Two on a Tower(1882,),塔里的两个人,The Well-Beloved(1897,)(first published as a serial from 1892)心爱的人,mainly talk about romantic love stories,.,3.Novels of Ingenuity,（机巧和实验小说）,Desperate Remedies,(1871),铤而走险,The Hand of Ethelberta,(1876)埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻,A Laodicean(1881,)冷漠的人,Back,Tesss life experience,一位美丽的农家少女,遭到富人亚雷的奸污,重整旗鼓与,克莱相爱,无法接受真相离开了,受生活所逼重见亚雷,丈夫归杀亚雷被绞刑,The poor village girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by he wealthy Alec DUberville.She becomes pregnant but the child dies in infancy.Tess finds work as a dairymaid on a farm and falls in love with Angel Clare,a clergymans son,who marries her.When Tess tells Angel about her past,he hypocritically deserts her.Tess becomes Alecs mistress.Angel returns from Brazil,repenting his harshness,but finds her living with Alec.Tess kills Alec in desperation,she is arrested and hanged.,贫苦的农村姑娘苔丝（,Tess,）遭到富人亚雷（,Alec,）的奸污，生了孩子，可周围舆论却认为是她的,罪过。后来，苔丝在新婚之夜向她深挚地爱着的新郎克莱,(Angel Clare),讲述了自己的遭遇，,向思想开通的克莱竟立即遗弃了她。苔丝为生计所迫，不得不接受亚雷的条件，和他同居。这时克莱反悔，从外国回来想和苔丝言归于好。绝望中的苔觉得是亚雷摧毁了她的一生的幸福，把亚雷杀死，自己也被判处了死刑,。,Main plot:,Tess of the dUrbervilles,(1891,),Back,Features,Hardys language has the simplicity of a countrymans speech coupled with the,sophisticated,vocabulary of an educated man.,Symbolism is an important feature of Hardys words,so that many objects,natural phenomena and characters in the novels are given symbolic meanings.,Unlike Dickens,most of Hardys novels are tragic.,Importance,Thomas Hardy is an outstanding novelist as well as a poet.He is a transitional figure between the Victorian Age and the 20th century.In many ways,he belonged more to the 20th century than to the 19th century.,Structure,The structure of the novel is based on a,cyclical pattern,divided into three parts.,1.The first is a prelude,telling how Tess leaves home and encounters Alec.She is seduced by Alec and comes back home disgraced.This is the first cycle,beginning in May and ending in August.,2.The second part is the main love story of Tess and Angel at Talbothays.It begins in May,reaches its climax at the turning of the year and ends in the following winter.,3.The last part represents her decline.Forced by poverty,Tess returns to Alec until Angel comes to claim her.In shame and anger,Tess kills Alec,and is finally arrested and executed.This part starts in winter and ends in spring.,Symbols,Symbols are objects,characters,figures,or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.,Three symbols,1.,Prince(horse),2.,The,dUrberville,Family Vault,3.,Brazil,Prince,Her dream of meeting a prince while she kills her own Prince,and with him her familys only means of,financial sustenance(,生计）,is a,tragic foreshadowing,of her own story.,The death of the horse symbolizes the,sacrifice,of,real-world goods,such as a useful animal or even her own honor,through excessive,（过分的,),Fantasizing,(,幻想,),about a better world.,Back,The,dUrberville,Family Vault,The,dUrberville,family vault(,墓穴,)represents both the,glory of life and the end of life,.,The vault that sounds so glamorous when rhapsodized(,过份赞美,)over by John Durbeyfield in Chapter I seems,by the end,strangely hollow(,空的,)and meaningless.,So perhaps the secret of the family crypt(,神秘,)is that its grandiosity(,堂皇,)is ultimately,meaningless.,Back,Brazil,In this novel:brazil symbolizes a,fantasyland,a place where,dreams come true,.,For Angel,Brazil symbolizes the,impossibility of ideals,but also forgiveness and acceptance of life in spite of those disappointed ideals.,Themes,Criticism of social conventions of Victorian England (ideas of social class as well as the sexual,double standard,);,Naturalism as against the ache of modernism,The injustice of existence;,Men dominating women,Main characters,Tess,The oldest daughter from a poor family with a noble origin,Alec,Clare,A young man who hates the old family and likes farming,A rich man from a weal