Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Chapter 8,*,Alcohol and Tobacco,Chapter 8,Chapter 8,1,Chemistry of Alcohol,Psychoactive ingredient,Depressant,Ethyl Alcohol only alcohol that can be consumed,Beer 3-6%alcohol by volume,Malt Liquors 6-8%alcohol by volume,Table wines 9-14%alcohol by volume,Fermenting,Fortified wines 20%alcohol by volume,Sugar added,Hard liquors 35-50%alcohol by volume,Distilling or fermented,Proof Value,Two times the percentage concentration,Ingestion,7 calories per gram,1 drink 14-17 grams or 100-120 calories,Chapter 8,2,Absorption,20%is rapidly absorbed from the stomach,75%is absorbed in the upper small intestines,Remain is absorbed along the GI track,Absorption,Carbonation,Food in the stomach slows the absorption,Drink of high concentration slows absorption,Eventually all the alcohol ingested will be absorbed,Chapter 8,3,Chapter 8,4,Metabolism and Excretion,Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream.,Easily moves through most biological membranes,Main site for metabolism is the Liver.,2-20%of ingested alcohol is not metabolized.,Chapter 8,5,Alcohol Intake and Blood Alcohol Concentration,A measure of intoxication,Body weight,Percentage of body fat,Difference between women&men,Balance of alcohol absorbed and rate of metabolism,Genetic factors,Drinking Behavior,Can not be effected by,Exercise,Breathing deeply,Eating,Drinking coffee,Taking other drugs,Metabolism is the same if the person is awake or asleep,Chapter 8,6,The Immediate Effects of Alcohol on Health,Dependant on the individual.,Low Concentrations.03%-.05%.,Higher Concentrations 0.1%-0.2%.,Concentration of.35%.,Alcohol hangover,Alcohol poisoning,Using Alcohol with other drugs,Alcohol-related injuries and violence,Alcohol and sexual decision making,Chapter 8,7,Drinking and Driving,In 2004,250,000 were injured in alcohol related automobile crashes,42,000 people are killed in alcohol related accidents,Dose-response function,Driving with a BAC of 0.14%is more than 40 times more likely to be involved in a crash.,Greater than 0.14%the risk of fatal crash is estimated to be 380 times higher,Chapter 8,8,Chapter 8,9,Chapter 8,10,The Effects of Chronic Use,Diseases of the digestive,cardiovascular systems and some cancers,Digestive system,Liver function,liver cell damage and destruction(cirrhosis),Cirrhosis causes drinker to lose Tolerance,Pancreas inflammation,Cardiovascular system,moderate doses may reduce the risk of HD,Higher doses elevates BP,may weaken heart muscle or cardiac myopathy.,Cancer,Brain Damage,Mortality,Chapter 8,11,Chapter 8,12,The Effects of Alcohol use During Pregnancy,Effects are dose-related.,FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,Occurs in 1 or 2 out of every 1000 live births in the U.S.,Under weight,flat nasal bridge,and long upper lip.,Small and have heart defects.,Physical and mental growth is slow.Remain mentally impaired.Fine motor skill problems,coordination,learning and behavioral problems(ADS).,ARND Alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder.,Heavier drinking early in pregnancy,.,Chapter 8,13,Possible Health Benefits of Alcohol,Abstainers and light to moderate drinkers live longer than heavy users.,35 years old and younger,your odds of dying increase in proportion to the amount consumed,Moderate drinking=one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.,May lower coronary heart disease.,Raising blood levels of HDL.,May lower risks of;diabetes,arterial blockages,Alzheimers,Chapter 8,14,Alcohol Abuse and Dependence,Alcohol abuse,is recurrent use that has negative consequences.,Alcohol dependence or Alcoholism,more extensive problems,tolerance and withdrawal,Warning signs of alcohol abuse,Drinking alone,Using deliberately and repeatedly,Feeling uncomfortable on certain occasions,Escalating consumption,Getting drunk regularly,Drinking in the morning or unusual times,Chapter 8,15,Alcohol Abuse and Dependence,Binge Drinking,Having five drinks in row for a man or four in a row for a women.,Frequent binge drinking in college were three to seven times more likely than non-binge drinkers to engage in unplanned or unprotected sex,Healthy People 2021,Reduce the rate of binge drinking to 20%among college students,Chapter 8,16,Chapter 8,17,Alcoholism,Patterns and Prevalence,Regular daily intake of large amounts,Regular heavy drinking limited to weekends,Long periods of sobriety interspersed with binges or daily heavy drinking,Heavy drinking limited to periods of stress,Health Effects,DTs(delirium tremens),paranoia,Social and Psychological effects,Causes of Alcoholism,Chapter 8,18,Treatment Programs,Not one program works for everyone.,AA.,12-step program,Al-Anon.,Employee Assistance.,Inpatient hospital rehabilitation,Pharmacological treatments.,Disulfiram(Antabuse),Naltrexone,Acamprosate(Campral),Chapter 8,19,Gender and Ethnic Differences,Men,White American men,“Other men,Women,African Americans,Latinos,Asian Americans,American Indians and A