单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,Unit 4,Body language,Grammar,一:V-ing 形式由“doing”构成,其否定形式是“not doing”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。,Grammar,V-ing 形式,语态,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,(not)doing,(not)being done,(not),having done,(not),having been done,Eg,.,Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.,听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）,The building being built now is our new library,.,现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室我们地 新图书馆（,being built,为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）,Having done the work,he went home.,完成了工作，他就回家了。,V-,ing,形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1.,作定语,V-,ing,形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。,-,ing,形式表示,“,供作,.,之用”的意思,这类作定语的,-,ing,形式，叫动名词。,e.g.a swimming pool,=a pool for swimming,a sleeping car,=a car for sleeping,2),-,ing,形式表示“,.,的”意思,叫现在分词。,e.g.a sleeping child,working people,the rising sun,-,ing,形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。,e.g.,1.,They are visitors,(who are),coming from several countries.,2.,The boy,(who is),standing there is a,classmate of mine.,Practice:,_ dogs seldom bite.,Bark B.To bark C.Barked D.Barking,(2)The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr.,Dongguo,felt_.,frightening;frightened,B.frightened;frightened,C.frighten;frightening,D.frightening;frightening,D,A,(3)Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.,asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept,(4)The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.,A.shaking B.shook C.shaken D.shake,C,A,Read the sentences from the text,then point out the function of red words,.,I saw several young people enter the,waiting,area looking around curiously.,2.I stood for a minute,watching,them and went to greet them.,3.She stepped back,appearing,surprised,4.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in,smiling,together with,5.,she recognized Tony Garcias,smiling,face.,attributive,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,attributive,现在分词做状语,二、-ing形式作状语,-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。,1.作时间状语,-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：,Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,=When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,Having received his letter,I decided to write back.,=,After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.,收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,2.作原因状语,-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：,Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,=,Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。,Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,=,Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,3.作条件状语,-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：,Working hard,you will succeed.,=,If you work hard,you will succeed.,如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。,Being given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,=,If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。,4.作让步状语,-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if,though 连用。如：,Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,=,Although his father worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.,虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,5.作伴随状语,置于句首或句末。如：,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing,.,=,They sang and laughed,;they came into the classroom.,他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,Practice,做金版学案P54“一.用V-ing短语改写下列句子”。,When working,in the factory,he was,an advanced worker.,=,When he worked in the factory,he,was an advanced worker.,注意：,1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：,Though willing,to attend the party,he,refused the invitation.,=Though he was willing to attend the,party,he refused the invitation.,While staying,in Beijing,he came to see,me twice.,=While he was staying in Beijing,he,came to see me twice.,If playing,all day,you will waste,your valuable time.,=If you play all day,you will waste,your valuable time.,Though raining,heavily,it cleared up very soon.,=Though it was raining heavily,it,cleared up very soon.,注意,：,2.,现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必,须,与主句中主语一致。它们之间是主动关系。被动则用V-ed.,但是短语,generally speaking;judging from/by;compared with等是固定搭配。不受主语影响。,Judging from his face,he was very angry.,The man came in,followed by a little boy.,1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.,b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.,2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.,b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,3.a.Looking out through the window,the garden was beautiful.,b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.,4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.,b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,5.a.Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,b.It being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。,如：,He sat there,not knowing,what to say.,1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.,2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.,3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.,4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,1.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus_ the delay.,A.to cause,B.causing,C.caused D.cau