单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现 在 完 成 时 态,The Present Perfect Tense,现 在 完 成 时 态 The Present Perfec,1,现在完成时,Present perfect tense,构成,:,助动词,have/has,+,过去分词,1,.,肯定句,现在完成时的肯定句式是“,have,（,has,）过去分词”。,注意：该句式中的,have,或,has,是助动词,，,has,用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用,have,。,eg.He has,gone to school,.,They have,gone to school.,现在完成时 Present perfect ten,2,2.,疑问句,现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词,have,或,has,提到主语之前。,(,回答用“,Yes,，,-have/has,“,No,，,-havent/hasnt,”）,3.,否定句,：,现在完成时的否定句式是“,havent/hasnt,过去分词”。,eg.Has he,gone to school?,Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.,eg.He hasnt,gone to school,.,They havent,gone to school.,2.疑问句eg.Has he gone to school,3,用法一、,1,。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）,例如,I have just cleaned my clothes.,我刚洗过衣服。,（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）,I have just had my breakfast.(,对现在的影响：不饿,),Has he had his breakfast?Yes,he has.When did he have his breakfast?He had breakfast at 6:00.,现在完成时态的分类,用法一、现在完成时态的分类,4,1.My father,bought,many books for me yesterday.,Now,I have a lot to read because _,2.I,saw,this film last week.,Now,I know this film because I_.,3.I,did,my homework yesterday.,Now,I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father,has bought,many books for me.,have seen,it before,have done,it.,1.My father bought many books,5,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词,just,(谓语动词之前),（刚刚）,already（已经,(肯定句),）,before,yet（一般疑问,(句末）,：已经；否定句：还）never,ever,(疑问句),twice recently(近来）,等状语连用,1 Tom has,already,finished his homework.,Tom hasnt finished his homework,yet.,2 I have,just,had my lunch.,She hasnt seen you,before.,3 Have you,ever,eaten fish?,I have,never,eaten fish,I have,never,heard of that,before,.,Have you,ever,ridden a horse?,She has,already,finished the work.,Have you milked the cow,yet,?,Yes,I have,alredy,done that,.,Ive,just,finished my homework.,He has not come,yet.,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(谓语动词之前),6,Exercises,1.I _,already,_(have)lunch,.,2.,the train_(arrive)yet?,3.Tom _ never_(be)to China.,4.The twin,s,_just _(see)my father.,5.The twins _(see)my father just now.,6._ you ever _(ride)a horse?Never.,have,had,Has arrived,has,been,ha,ve,seen,saw,H,ave ridden,Exercises1.I _ already _,7,7._ you _(clean)the room?,Yes,we_(do)that.,When _ you _(do)it?,We _(do)it an hour ago.,8._ he _(see)this film yet?No.,When _ he _(see)it?,He _ it tomorrow.,9.How many times _you_(come)here?,Once.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,will,see,will see,have,come,7._ you _(clean)th,8,用法二,：,表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示,一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去,。,A 动词,使用延续性动词,。,B 和,表示,时间段的时间状语连用。,常与,for或since,引导的时间连用,so far,up to/till now,in the last/past+一段时间，all ones life,by now,these days,these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here,I havent seen her,these days,.,She has learnt English,for 3 years/since 3 years ago,.,They have lived here,since 1990,.,What has happened to the USA,in the last 350 years,?,用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示,9,注意：,(1)since,一段时间,ago,for,时间,段,;,since,two weeks,ago,=,for,two weeks;,I have kept the library book,for a week,.,=,I have kept the library book,since a,week ago.,(2)since+,时间点,for,时间,段,since 2000=for,years,(3)since+,从句,(,常,用一般过去时,),The Greens,have lived,in Beijing,since,they move,d,to Beijing from Paris,(,4)It is/has been+,一段时间,+since,从句,.,自从某事发生已有一段时间了,.It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.,注意：,10,一、用,for,和,since,填空。,_,three hours,_three oclock,_two days,_yesterday afternoon,_I came here,_last Sunday,_,a week,_a long time,_1997,_two weeks,_three years ago,_ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,一、用for和since填空。_three hou,11,用,for,和,since,填空,They have been learning Chinese _,they came to China.,2.I havent seen her _ a long time.,3.He has been living here _ 2001.,4.She has been doing her homework _,two hours.,5.Its 5 years _ we left school.,6.How long has Mary been a teacher?,_ two years ago.,Have a try,since,for,since,for,since,Since,用for和since填空They have been lea,12,三、非延续性动词与现在完成时,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：,become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry,等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词,have,，,keep,等来代替非延续性动词。,他入党五年了。,He,joined,the Party,five years ago,.,He,has been,in the Party,for five years,.,He,has been,a Party member,for five years,.,it is,five years,since,he,joined,the Party,电影开始五分钟了。,The film began five minutes,ago,.,The film,has been on,for,five minutes.,It is,five minutes,since,the film began,三、非延续性动词与现在完成时,13,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,第一类,：动词,be+adj.,die finish,open/close,fall ill/asleep,marry sb/get married to,第二类,：动词,be+,介词,.,start/begin,leave,join,be dead,be away from,be in/be a member of,be open/closed,be on,be over,be ill/asleep,be married to,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变第一类：动词,14,第三类,：动词 另一个动词,buy,borrow,get/begin to,延续性,v.,become,put on,eg.,keep,have,be,延续性,v.,wear,keephavebe延续性v.wear,15,His father died 2 years ago.,The football match began at 9:00a.m.,The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.,My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.,His father,has been dead,for 2 years/since two years.,The football match,has been on,since 9:00 a.m.,The twins,have been soldiers,/,in the ar