按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,*,*,數位資源保存維護與永久典藏,數位典藏概論單元,10,數位資源保存維護與永久典藏數位典藏概論單元10,1,如 果,If William Shakespeare had written Hamlet on a word processor,or,If Thomas Jefferson had saved his drafts of the Declaration of Independence with a computer text editor,or,If Alexander Graham Bell had documented his experiments with the telephone on floppy disk,or,If Leonardo da Vinci had used a computer graphics system to create the Mona Lisa,Would Their Great Achievements Still Be Available To Us Today?,http:/www.clir.org/pubs/film/future/discussion.html,如 果 If William Shakespeare,2,資訊保存維護的歷史回顧,將文字,刻在石頭上,將文字,寫在紙草上,將文字,印在紙張上,將資訊以類比形態儲存在視聽媒體上,將類比資訊化為位元，儲存在電子媒體上,資訊保存維護的歷史回顧將文字刻在石頭上,3,資訊保存維護的意,義,資訊的保存維護主要是讓資訊在需要的時刻,，永遠保持,在可使用的狀態,。,資訊的保存維護不只是保存資訊的實體物件,，也包括所有與資訊長久存活的相關策略與機構的考量在內,。,資訊的保存維護需要長期的投資與努力,，也,是永續的承諾與責任,。,資訊保存維護的意義資訊的保存維護主要是讓資訊在需要的時刻，永,4,數位資訊,的保存維護,數位,資訊的保存維護是指突破媒體損毀或技術變遷的限制,，,使,數位,資訊,保持,可使用的所有方法,。,長期保存,無限期可使用數位,資訊,。,中期保存,無論技術如何改變，在一段特定時間內維持資訊的使用性，但並非永久性。,短期保存,在可預期的時間內維持資訊的使用性，直到技術變遷無法使用為止,。,(,http:/www.dpconline.org/graphics/intro/definitions.html,),數位資訊的保存維護數位資訊的保存維護是指突破媒體損毀或技術變,5,數位資訊,的保存維護,(,續,),延長數位,資訊的使用壽命,，防止媒體損壞,、資訊流失、軟硬體過時等,。,確保資訊長期的維護,：,養成備份的習慣,檢查儲存媒體及檔案是否有損壞,提供資訊內容的利用,：,確定資訊可以從儲存媒體讀取,確定資訊可以閱讀和用電腦處理,確定資訊可以理解,數位資訊的保存維護(續)延長數位資訊的使用壽命，防止媒體損壞,6,數位資訊保存維護的目的,保持資訊展現、檢索、利用的能力,確保資訊的安全及可靠性,確保資訊現在與未來永續利用的價值,數位資訊保存維護的目的保持資訊展現、檢索、利用的能力,7,數位化就能永久典藏嗎,?,“We digitized it,so it is preserved.”,NOT REALLY!,相較於其他資訊儲存媒體,，,數位資訊的生命週期似乎較短,。,由於數位化已成為出版和通訊的主流,，如果不努力保存這些數位化物件，可能就要永久失去,。,數位化就能永久典藏嗎?“We digitized it,s,8,數位典藏的三個面向,數位典藏的困難和下列三個問題有關,：,儲存媒體的問題,the preservation of the physical media on which the bits and bytes of electronic information reside.,技術的問題,refreshing of technologies from old to new as they become available.,知識保存的問題,addressing the integrity and authenticity of the information as originally recorded.,數位典藏的三個面向數位典藏的困難和下列三個問題有關：,9,儲存媒體的問題,儲存媒體缺乏耐久性,沉默的毀壞,快速的退化,不小心操作易造成傷害,儲存媒體的問題儲存媒體缺乏耐久性,10,技術的問題,技術很容易過時,資料必須依賴軟硬體,數位資訊的格式不一,技術的問題技術很容易過時,11,知識保存的問題,數位資訊的真確性無法保證,數位資訊在,轉換、更新或,操作的過程中容易毀壞和流失,數位資訊容易受到竄改或破壞,知識保存的問題數位資訊的真確性無法保證,12,知識保存的問題,(,續,),數位資訊的完整性,：,用以分辨資訊完整性的五個特徵-,內容(Content),固定性(Fixity),詳細附註(Reference),出處(Provenance),背景(Context),知識保存的問題(續)數位資訊的完整性：,13,法律及倫理的問題,典藏機構對於有版權保護的資訊可以任意複製、轉移或更新格式嗎?,典藏機構對於透過授權或訂閱的數位資訊並沒有擁有權，可以永久典藏嗎?,可以典藏別人的網頁嗎?,法律及倫理的問題典藏機構對於有版權保護的資訊可以任意複製、轉,14,經濟的問題,數位資訊投資龐大，必須妥善管理和維護,。,數位典藏亦需要付出昂貴的代價,。,數位典藏並非短期的作業，而是持續的工作,。,經濟的問題數位資訊投資龐大，必須妥善管理和維護。,15,數位典藏經濟基礎架構,數位典藏必須仰賴持續的投資和長期的行政支援,數位典藏的經濟基礎架構包括,：,認清典藏的職責並妥善分配責任,提供足夠的誘因，以鼓勵完成任務,減少不必要的重覆，有效使用有限資源,參考下列文件,：,http:/www.oclc.org/research/projects/digipres/incentives-dp.pdf,http:/www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub126/pub126.pdf,數位典藏經濟基礎架構數位典藏必須仰賴持續的投資和長期的行政支,16,難以保存的數位資訊,動態的連續性出版品,禁止複製的資訊,經常更新的資訊,對於持續更新的文件，應該保存所有版本或最後的版本?,電子郵件,需要用特殊軟體讀寫的資訊,難以保存的數位資訊動態的連續性出版品,17,數位資訊保存維護的原則,盡量保持資訊的壽命,透過持續的選擇過程保存資訊,維護資訊的品質,維持資訊的原貌,維持資訊的可利用性,數位資訊保存維護的原則盡量保持資訊的壽命,18,數位資訊保存維護的方法,大致上有下列幾種方法,，但,沒有完美的解決之道,：,資料轉移(Data migration),媒體更新(Medium refreshing),保存舊有的技術(,Technology preservation),軟體模擬(,Software emulation),擴展詮釋資料的應用,數位資訊保存維護的方法 大致上有下列幾種方法，但沒有完美的,19,Data Migration,Data migration involves the transfer of the entire technology environment,usually from one generation of computer technology to a subsequent one,not just the physical storage medium,Data migration is a more tried and tested preservation strategy.,Data migration is labor-intensive and its difficult to predict what it will involve.,Data MigrationData migration i,20,Media Refreshing,There is a need to clarify the following terms:,Copying,transferring data from old storage media to new storage media with the same format specification.,Reformatting,there is a change to the underlying bit stream,but there is no change in the intellectual content of the records.,Converting,data export or import from one software environment to another.,Migrating,usually involves moving data from proprietary legacy systems that lack software functionality to open systems.,Media refreshing may solve the problem of medium deterioration,but it wont be able to solve the problem of technology obsolescence.,Media Refreshing There is a n,21,Technology Preservation,This approach intends to retain the needed hardware and software.,This approach may have an important role for the recovery of data from obsolete storage media and platforms,but it is unlikely to become a viable long-term strategy.,This approach my end up with a museum of ageing and incompatible computer hardware.,Technology PreservationThis ap,22,Software Emulation,This approach is based on the premise that the best way to preserve the functionality and“look and feel”of digital resources would be to preserve the original software and then to run this on emulators that would mimic the behavior of the obsolete hardware and operating systems.,This approach requires the encapsulation of a digital data object together with the application software used to create or interpret it and a description of the required hardware environment that could be used as,a specification for an emulator.,Software