,高中英语课件,（,madeofdingshangtuwen,）,高中英语课件（madeofdingshangtuwen）,1,Unit 3Under the Sea,Revision of,The passive ing-form,Learning about Language,Unit 3Under the SeaRevisio,2,ing-形式被动式,ing-形式被动式,3,(一)现在分词（,ing-形式）,的,构成,V-ing 形式由“doing”构成，其否定形式是,“not doing”,V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing,短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态,的变化。,(一)现在分词（ing-形式）的构成V-ing 形式由“,4,语态,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,(not)doing,(not)being done,(not),having done,(not),having been done,语态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(n,5,(二)现在分词的用法,现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。,1.作定语,现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:,Thisisapressingquestion.这是一个紧迫的问题。,Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.,他提了一个令人难堪的问题。,现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:,Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.,现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:,Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.,Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.,(二)现在分词的用法,6,(1)表示时间,Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.,Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.,Walking along the street,she saw a little girl running up to her.,Seeing Tom,I couldnt help thinking of his brother.,2.现在分词用作状语,现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看,也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后,也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。,(句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语),(1)表示时间2.现在分词用作状语,7,强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when或while:,Whenleavingtheairport,theywaved,againandagaintous.,While watching TV in the room,I heard,someone knocking at the door.,WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilotsawwhathethought tobeameteorite.,When crossing the road,you must be careful.,也可加上 介词 on 或in 来替代when 和while,强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词whe,8,(2)表示原因,Beingsick,Istayedathome.,Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.,Knowing that he was tired,I told him to have a rest.,(3)表示条件,Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyieldby40percent.,Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.,(2)表示原因,9,(4)表示让步,Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedher best.,(5)表示结果,Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completelyruiningourholiday.,(6)表示方式或伴随情况,Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.,(4)表示让步,10,完成形式,现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：,Having been there many times,he offered to be our guide.,The delegates,having fulfilled their mission,arrived back,in Shanghai.,Having answered the letter,she went on to read an novel.,Not having done the work well,we decided to try again.,Not having received a reply,he went there himself.,注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：,His comrades having all left for the front,he didnt want to stay,in the rear.,完成形式现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作,11,现在分词的被动形式,1,动词-ing的被动式的构成,(1)一般被动式：,being+过去分词,(2)完成被动式：,having been+过去分词,1 动词-ing的被动式的构成,12,2动词-ing的被动式的用法,(1)动词-ing的一般被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系；作主语和宾语时无固定的时态意义，作定语和补足语时表示正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。,(2)动词-ing的完成被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系，也表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。,2动词-ing的被动式的用法(1)动词-ing的一般被动式,13,(1)作主语,Being offered such a job was good luck,被给予这样一份工作是好运气。,Being killed in traffic accidents is a common occurrence,交通事故导致死亡是常有的事。,Being selected Chairman of the party made him,feel proud,被选为主席，他很自豪。,3动词-ing的被动式的句法功能,(1)作主语,14,(2)作宾语,He dislikes being interrupted in his experiment他不喜欢在做实验时被人打扰。,They couldnt stand being treated like that他们不能忍受别人那样对待他们。,She doesnt remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad她不记得曾给过她出国的机会。,He came in without being asked没有让他进来,他就进来了。,He was afraid of being!eft at home他害怕被留在家里。,I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team我听说他被选为该队的教练了。,Some of our customers complained of having been treated rudely我们的一些顾客抱怨受到粗鲁的对待。,(2)作宾语,15,注意：,在want，need，deserve，require，repay，bear，take等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be done。如：,The house wants cleaning这房屋需要打扫。,My watch needs repairing我的手表需要修理。,The way deserves mentioning这个方法值得一提。,These young trees will require looking after carefully这些小树需要细心照顾。,The film is worth seeing这部影片值得一看。,注意：在want，need，deserve，require，,16,(3)作定语,The building being repaired is dor dormitory,The questions being discussed are of great importance,That building being repaired is our library.,He asked who was the man being operated on.,(3)作定语,17,(4)作宾语补足语,I often watch the trucks being loaded with coal,I saw him being taken away by the police,One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there,Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.,As we entered the village,we saw new houses being built.,(4)作宾语补足语,18,(5)作状语,Having been warned about typhoon，the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour,听到台风警报，渔民们便驾船向最近的港口驶去。,Having been asked to stay，I couldnt very well leave人家请我留下，我就不好意思离开了。,Having been given such a good chance，how could you let it slip away?,人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过?,Being asked to give a performance,she couldnt very well refuse.,Being protected by a thick wall,they felt they were quite safe.,(5)作状语,19,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:,独 立 结 构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：,He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.(伴随情况),The shower being over,we continued to march.(时间),So many students being absent,we decided to put the meeting off.(原因),Weather permitting,well have an outing tomorrow.(条件),All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.,The job