单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,新闻类文体翻译,1,新闻类文体翻译1,新闻文体的主体结构,新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。,标题(,headline,):浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。,导语(,1ead or introduction,):通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。,正文(,body,):在导语的基础上,引入更多的与主题相关的事实,使之更加详实、具体,并展开评论,进而得出结论,。,2,新闻文体的主体结构新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部,3,3,标题语法特点,省略现象,时态表述,语态形式,标点符号,4,标题语法特点省略现象4,例,1,、,Tenth of British Mackerel Catch Ground into Feed,(=,A,Tenth of,THE,British Mackerel Catch Ground into Feed),英国捕获鲭鱼一成碾为饲料(省略,冠词,),例,2,、,Cops Under Fire,(=Cops,Are,Under Fire),警察遭枪击(省略,系动词,),例,3,、,Irish Group Kills Ex-chief,(=,An,Irish Group Kills,Its,Ex-chief),一爱尔兰团体杀死前首领(省略,人称、物主代词,),例,4,、,Anhui Accelerates Coal Mine Building,(=Anhui Accelerates,the Building of,Coal Mine Building),安徽加速煤矿建设(省略,介词,),省略现象,省略虚词:冠词、连词、人称代词、系动词等,5,例1、Tenth of British Mackerel C,时态表述,例,1,施罗德将出访美国,Shroeder,to visit,US forging ties with the new Bush Adtion,例,2 Heavy Rain Lashed City,Heavy Rain,Lashes,City,A.,英语新闻标题:一般过去时表过去不定式表将来,B.,汉语新闻标题:一般借助时间词,6,时态表述例1施罗德将出访美国A.英语新闻标题:一般过去时,语态形式,被动,be,done,省略,be,【,例,】Journalist Fired in Spy Debate,(,=Journalist,be,Fired in Spy Debate,),主动语态,被动语态,7,语态形式被动 bedone 省略be7,标点符号,标点符号:逗号、破折号、冒号,目的:区分句子成分;节省字数;突出中心词,逗号:,表停顿;取代连词,and,例:,Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms,破折号:,交代说话者身份,例:,World Unity Against Terrorism Needed Brown,冒号:,提示下文;替代“,be”,例:,Chinese Cooks:Masters at Turning Turnip into Flower,8,标点符号标点符号:逗号、破折号、冒号逗号:表停顿;取代连词,翻译时可灵活处理,英语有此类标点符号的标题,汉译时可用也可不用,英语没有此类标点符号的标题,汉译时也可加上此类符号。,The American way:friendship,【,译,】,美国人的友谊观,The oceansmans last resources,【,译,】,海洋,人类最后的巨大资源,“,The system failed her”,【,译,】,她与这种制度格格不入,Is“Globalization”helping or hurting?,【,译,】,全球化:幸或不幸?,9,翻译时可灵活处理,英语有此类标点符号的标题,汉译时可用也可不,汉语标题的英译技巧(Translation Strategies),中英标题风格各异。翻译时,应适当照顾英文标题的特点。为了达意,汉语标题中的修辞手段有时要做出牺牲;汉语标题的语言结构有时要打破重组以契合英文标题的习惯特征。,10,汉语标题的英译技巧(Translation Strategi,一、变汉语的偏正结构为英语的“名词中心语+后置修饰语”结构,举世瞩目的,中国农业,【,译,】,Chinese Agriculture,Attracting Worldwide Attention,农民可放心的,几件事,【,译,】,The Things,That Farmers Neednt Worry About,走向世界的,南京大学,【,译,】,University,set to go international,11,一、变汉语的偏正结构为英语的“名词中心语+后置修饰语”结构,二、变句子为短语,美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情,【,译,】US told,to stop,its interfering,上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司,【,译,】Lawyers,to help,forced laborers,青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖,【,译,】Qinghai Lake,to Become,Salty Within 200 Years,12,二、变句子为短语美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情12,三、转换标题形式结构,例:,(引题)大坝出现“大裂缝”,资金是个“无底洞”,(主题)三峡总公司辟谣空穴来风,【,译,】Big Rift and Fund Shortage:A Rumor,英文标题无引题,因此应将汉语标题中的引题和主题合二为一。,13,三、转换标题形式结构英文标题无引题,因此应将汉语标题中的引题,英文新闻的词汇特点(Lexical Features),广泛使用简短小词,(Midget Words),旧词赋新义和临时生造词,(nonce words),使用缩写词,(initials/acronyms),使用节缩词,(shortened word/abbreviation),14,英文新闻的词汇特点(Lexical Features)1,旧词赋新义和临时生造词(nonce words),gay,(同性恋者),basket,(一组问题等),unisex,(男女共用),hijack,(劫持),supercrat,(高级官员),dial in,(电话示威),moneywise,(在金钱方面),thumbsuck,(安抚),sitcom,(情景喜剧),Reaganomics,(里根经济学),Jazznik,(爵士乐迷),heartmen,(换心人),Euromart,(欧洲共同市场),Masscult,(大众文化),atobomb,(原子弹),blacketeer,(黑市商人),15,旧词赋新义和临时生造词(nonce words)gay(,广泛使用简短小词(Midget Words),例,1,:世界关注中东和平谈判,【,译文,1】World,Watches/Observes,Mid-east Peace Talks,【,译文,2】World,Eyes,Mid-east Peace Talks,例,2,:澳大利亚力图吸引更多的亚洲游客,【,译文,1】Australia Makes,Attempt,to Attract More Asian Tourists,【,译文,2】Australia Makes,Bid,to Lure More Asian Tourists,16,广泛使用简短小词(Midget Words)例1:世界关注,The Use of Midget Words,help,-assistance,try,-attempt,car,-vehicle,ease,-facilitate,home,-residence,enough,-sufficient,fire,-conflagration,begin,-implement,probe,-investigate,feud,-controversy,row,-conflict,pact,-agreement,talk,-address,envoy,-ambassador,17,The Use of Midget Wordshelp-,使用缩写词(initials/acronyms),UNESCO=the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,IOC=the International Olympic Committee,PM=Prime Minister,MP=member of parliament,WTO=World Trade Organization,18,使用缩写词(initials/acronyms)UNES,使用节缩词(abbreviation),Weekly,Mag,ForStampLoversToBeLaunched,【Mag=Magazine(,杂志,)】,集邮周刊即将发行。,NewGroupsBoost,Hi-Tech,Research,【Hi-Tech=HighTechnology(,高新技术,)】,新兴集团推动高新技术研究。,19,使用节缩词(abbreviation)WeeklyM,The Use of Abbreviation,ad=advertisement lab=laboratory,uni=university rail=railway,cello=violoncello quake=earthquake,flu=influenza vic=convict,Aussie,Australian,(澳大利亚的),biz,business,(商业),champ,champion,(冠军),expo,exposition,(博览会),homo,homosexual,(同性恋),20,The Use of Abbreviationad=ad,新闻导语的翻译,导语在即时性新闻中必不可少,它决定了读书是否从首句抓住核心内容,从而判断是否继续阅读。一般来说,导语表达明确,叙述直接,语言简练。,5 Ws,:,Who is it about?,What happened?,When did it take place?,Where did it take place?,Why did it happen?,21,新闻导语的翻译导语在即时性新闻中必不可少,它决定了读书是否从,例:,As the leader of 34 nations wrapped up negotiations for an All-Americas free trade zone yesterday,police braced for more protests and the streets remained littered with debris from previous clashes.,【,参考译文,】,昨日,34,国领导人致力于全每周自由贸易圈的各项谈判之时,警察却穷于应付越来越多的示威者,街道由于之前的冲突而一片混乱。,所以,在翻译时同样要使译文简洁清晰。词汇的用法应本着新闻语言清晰性、简洁性、生动性原则。句式应根据新闻价值选择,突出主要信息。,22,例:所以,在翻译时同样要使译文简洁清晰。词汇的用法应本着新闻,写在最后,成功的基础在于好的学习习惯,The foundation of success lies in good habits,23,写在最后成功的基础在于好的学习习惯23,谢谢大家,荣幸这一路,与你同行,ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way,讲师:,XXXXXX,XX,年,XX,月,X