单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,春天还会远吗?,will it still be far in spring?,冬天已经来了,Winter has already come,春天还会远吗?冬天已经来了,1,现在,完成,时态,Winter,has,already,come,.,现在完成时态Winter,2,现在,完成,时的构成形式,have,done,has,助动词,过去分词,现在完成时的构成形式 have助动词过去分词,3,用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的,影响现在还存在,。,They,have,left,.,-他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里,I,have,had,my lunch.,-我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿,现在,完成,时的含义,也可表示,持续到现在,的动作或状态。,He,has,learned,English since 2001.,-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢,用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联,4,now,past,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情,现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在,过去却对现在造成的影响,nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时表示,5,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）,一般过去时,表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作,；,现在完成时,为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响,。,I,saw,this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）,I,have seen,this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发,6,2）,一般过去时,常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;,现在完成时,通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:,yesterday,last week，ago,in1990,in October,just now,-具体的时间状语,现在完成时的时间状语:,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past few years,recently,-模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960）时，,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时,（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom,wrote,a letter to his parents,last night,.,2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时,7,3）现在完成时,可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.,一般过去时,常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。,She,joined,the League three years ago.,(加入的动作不是延续的),She,has been in,the League for three years(since three years ago).,(在团内的状态可延续),She,has been,a League member for three years(since three years ago).,(是团员的状态可持续),3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性,8,延续动词表示经验、经历；,瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果),Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),延续动词表示经验、经历；比较延续动词与瞬间动词,9,since 用来说明动作起始时间“自从”,for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”,I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时,I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。),I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。),since 用来说明动作起始时间“自从,10,He,has gone to,Shanghai.,他(已经)去上海了。,He,has been to,Shanghai.,他(曾经)去过上海。,比较,have/has been to,have/has gone to,He has gone to Shanghai.He has,11,He,went to,Shanghai last week.,他,(曾经)到/去过上海,在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了,他已经,去上海了,也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里,上周他做了一件事:那就是,去了上海,He,has been to,Shanghai.,He,has gone to,Shanghai.,He,has been in,Shanghai for 10 years.,他,呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了,现在还在上海没有离开呢,He,lived in,Shanghai for 10 years.,以前他,在上海住过10年,现在不在上海了,辨析这些句子,由时态导致的,含义上的差别,He went to Shanghai last week.,12,He died 10 years ago.,-He _ _ _ for 10 years/since 10 years ago.,2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.,-He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.,3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.,-He _ _ the motorbike for a month.,4.He arrived here three days ago.,-He _ _ here since three days ago.,5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago.,-The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,6.He left here 2 years ago.,-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.,7.The film began 30 minutes ago.,-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.,8.They opened the door an hour ago.,-The door _ _ _ for an hour.,9.They closed the door an hour ago.,-The door _ _ _ for an hour.,10.He joined the army last year.,-He _ _ a _ for a year.,-He _ _ _ the army for a year.,-It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性,动词和,瞬间,性,动词之间的转化,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,13,He died 10 years ago.,-He,has been dead,for 10 years/since 10 years ago.,2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.,-He,has kept,the book for 2 weeks.,3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.,-He,has had,the motorbike for a month.,4.He arrived here three days ago.,-He,has been,here since three days ago.,5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago.,-The light,has been on,for 2 hours.,6.He left here 2 years ago.,-He,has been away,from here for 2 years.,7.The film began 30 minutes ago.,-The film,has been on,for 30 minutes.,8.They opened the door an hour ago.,-The door,has been open,for an hour.,9.They closed the door an hour ago.,-The door,has been closed,for an hour.,10.He joined the army last year.,-He,has been a soldier,for a year.,-He,has been in,the army for a year.,-It,is,a year since he joined the army.,延续性,动词和,瞬间,性,动词之间的转化(keys),延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys),14,