,2021-2022,年最新,返回,第三节阅读理解,“,方法得当,事半功倍。,”,只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。梳理阅读理解解题方法,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。,解题步骤,第一,步,通读,全文,了解,大意,浏览时要注意以下句子,:,每段的开头和结尾,重要的情节句子,如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子,可以,根据上下文猜测,切不可停留而放慢速度。,第二,步,浏览,问题,明确,要求,把文章后每个题目内容看明白,这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容,具体做题时就能,对号入座,找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的,关键句子,。,第三,步,通篇,寻读,确定,段落,也就是带着问题去读,找到要,回答问题的关键词、句或意群,以及任何有关答题的信息,用铅笔画下来,以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。,第四,步,逐条,分析,对号入座,把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析,对号入座。一般来说,出题者问题设计都是,按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的,根据难度,先解决容易的,最后解决深层次的理解题,。,第五,步,复读,全文,验证,答案,全部题目做完后,必须,再仔细阅读一遍全文,进一步加深对文章理解,核实所选答案是否正确,。,解题策略,细节理解题,解释,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的,某一特定细节,或,文章的主要事实,的理解能力。问题包括询问人,(who),、物,(what),、时间,(when),、地点,(where),、原因,(cause),、结果,(effect),、文中的数据,(data),等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。,设题方式,1.Which of the following statements is true/false?,2.Which of the following is(not)mentioned?,3.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.),?,解题技巧,1.,细心审题,直接就题,找答案,2.,变通理解,间接转述,找答案,3.,多点归纳,综合事实,找答案,典题精,析,Which hand do you use when you write?About 8 to 15 percent of people are left,handed.They often have to use tools that are designed for right,handed people.So it is difficult for left,handers to use most tools,.,If you are right,handed,try this experiment:Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces.Dont be surprised if you feel awkward(,别扭的,).,If right,handers,cut up potatoes with their left hand,they will,.,A.get hurt,B.give,up cutting,C.feel,awkwardD.change their tools,本题可以运用到解题技巧,1.,细心审题,直接就题找答案,浏览题干,确定关键短语为,cut up potatoes with their left hand,浏览段落,确定关键句,If you are right,handed,try this experiment:Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces.Dont be surprised if you feel,awkward(,别扭的,).(,如果你是一个习惯用右手的人,用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。,),根据句意即可推断出正确答案,故选,C,。,解题策略,推理判断题,解释,推理判断题着重考察学生的,逻辑思维能力,即要求学生,根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断,。此类题目难度大,涉及面广,如人物的性格、心理,故事的结局、寓意,文章的出处、体裁,作者的倾向、态度等。,设,题方式,1.It can be inferred from the text that,.,2.From the text we know that,.,3.With which of the following does the author agree?,4.The passage is probably taken from a(n),.,解题技巧,1.,通过,文章陈述的事实,进行推断,2.,根据,文章所提供的的背景,人物的表情、动作和语言,进行推断,3.,根据,作者的意图和态度,进行推断,典,题精,析,Boredom is often linked with loneliness,but,a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing,her,mind.,She told researchers about her childhood.Having few things to do,Syal often talked with her neighbors.She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes.“But importantly,I thought and wrote a lot,because I was bored,”Syal said.She kept a diary,filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.,Grayson,Perry,an artist,grew up in a family with little,money.He,enjoyed himself by making up stories,drawing pictures,for his,stories and reading many books in the library,.Bored,but,free,he spent hours looking out of the window,watching,the changing,clouds and seasons.Perry filled up his free time with what he liked.,He became creative,because he could think,freely.,The writer talks about Syal and Perry to,.,A.stress the great differences between them,B.introduce a popular writer and a famous artist,C.suggest good ways of going through boredom,D.show effects of boredom on developing creativity,本题可以运用到解题技巧,2.,根据文章所提供的的背景,人物的表情、动作和语言进行推断,题干意为,“,作者谈论,Syal,和,Perry,的例子的目的是什么,?”,。两个段落很长,我们首先要精读段落,抓住两个人物的态度,第一段中关键句为,a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.,意为,“Meera Syal,说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想,”,第二段关键句为,He became creative,because he could think freely.,意为,“,他变得积极,因为他能够自由思考,”,由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为,“,无聊可以发展创造力,”,故选,D,。,解题策略,词义猜测题,解释,单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分,考查,对文中关键词语的理解,。而且,所考查的词或短语的,意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据文中语境来判断,。,设,题方式,1.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means,.,2.The underlined word“,”most likely means,.,3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word,?,解题技巧,1.,通过,因果关系,猜测词义,2.,通过,同义词和近、反义词的关系,猜测词义,3.,通过,构词法,猜测词义,4.,通过,定义或释义说明,来猜测词义,5.,通过,描述,猜测词义,6.,用,知识和生活经验,猜测词义,7.,根据,上下文的指代关系,猜测词义,典题精析,Children,are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time.However,research shows that it may,hamper,the development of their imagination,while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.,What does the underlined word“hamper”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?,A.,慢下来,B.,跟上,C.,超出,D,.,导致,本题可以运用到解题技巧,2.,通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义,浏览本段,会发现本段中存在转折连词,while“,然而,”,while,后的句意为,“,无聊可能给他们发展创造力的机会,”,所以,while,之前的句意应该与之相反,进一步推测词义。,A,意为,“(,使,),慢下来,”,B,意为,“,跟上,”,C,意为,“,超出,”,D,意为,“,引起,导致,”,故选,A,。,解题策略,主旨大意题,解释,考查,学生对,文章主题,或,中心思想,的领会和理解能力。,设,题方式,1,.,问标题,:What is the main topic of the passage?,/,The best title of the passage is,.,2.,问中心,:The first paragraph is mainly about,.,/,The passage is mostly about,.,3.,问目的,态度,:The author wants to tell,.,/,The purpose of this article is to,.,解题技巧,1,.,浏览文章,首尾段和各段开头,抓住,主旨段,或,主旨句,2.,浏览,全文,抓住,关键字眼,把握主旨,3.,以掌握主旨为前提,处理推断,作者语气,及,写作意图,典题精析,In,the past,people thought i,t was strange to use the left hand.,Young students looked down upon their left,handed classmates.Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write.,But these days,parents and teachers,