单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级, 礼物114,*,句子的成分,Members of the Sentence,预习,1,）,I am a student.,2,）,They are friends.,3,）,We went to the movies yesterday.,4,）,She is watching TV.,5,）,He is going camping next week.,6,）,-Where is Li Lei?,-He has gone to Japan.,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,主语,和,谓语,是句子的主体部分。,Members of sentence:,S-subject,P-Predicate,P-predicative,O-object,Attri,.-attribute,Adv.-adverb,Oc,-object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,谓,主语,The Subject,主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。,Anne is from Australia.,Lucy is an American girl.,She often goes to the movies.,We study in No.1 Middle School.,The classroom is very clean.,Three plus five equals eight.,To teach them English is my job.,名 词,Noun,（,n.,）,我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。,如：,Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace,代词,Pronoun,（,pron.,）,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。,如：,we,that,his,what,1,人称代词,物主代词,指示代词,人称代词,人称,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,第一人称,I,me,we,us,第二人称,you,you,you,you,第三人称,he,she,it,him,her,it,they,them,物主代词,单数,复数,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,形容词性物主代词,my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,名词性物主代词,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,中文,我的,你的,他的,她的,它的,我们的,你们的,他,(,她,它,),们的,指示代词,表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。,指示代词,用 法,例 句,this(these,),一般用来指时间或空间上较近的事物,Is this your pencil?,These are my friends.,that(those,),常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物,Is that his book?,Those are my brothers.,谓 语,The Predicate,说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。,谓语一般在主语后面。,We are quiet.,He has a toothache.,His parents are teachers.,She looks well.,We study hard.,We have finished the job.,He can speak English.,表 语,The Predicative,说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。,一般在系动词后面。,1.,表示状态的系动词：,be,、,feel,感觉、,keep,保持、,look,、,seem,看上去、,appear,看上去显得、,smell,闻起来、,sound,听起来、,lie,躺、,sit,、,stay,保持、,taste,尝起来,2.,表示转变或结果的连系动词,become,、,get,（变得）、,turn,（变得）、,come,（成为）、,go,变得（往坏的方面）,grow,长得、,fall,（变成）、,prove,（证明）,Her mother is a bank clerk.,Are you ready?,Our country is getting stronger.,You look younger than before.,They are at home now.,My book is on the desk.,Everybody is here.,宾 语,The Object,表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。,一般在谓语之后。,All of us like him.,Hes playing soccer.,Can I ask some questions?,She is playing the piano now.,He often helps me.,Lucy likes to sleep in the open air.,We enjoy living in China.,定语,The Attribute,用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。,因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。,形容词修饰 由,any-,every-,some-,等跟,-body,-one,-thing,构成的 不定代词时，一般放在其后。例如：,Idlikesomething,cheaper,.,我想买些便宜的东西。,Thereissomething,strange,inthesky.,天空中有些奇怪的东西。,Thereissomething,important,intodays,newspaper.,今天的报纸上有条重要新闻。,Hewantedtogetsomeone,reliable,tohelpinthiswork.,他想找个可靠的人帮忙做这项工作。,Whats your,name,please,?,Shes a good basketball player.,The girl behind the tree is my sister.,The little boy gave me a big apple.,The black bike is mine.,They made paper flower.,状语,The Adverbial,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。,People are working hard.,Beijing is not very cold in winter.,He did it carefully.,They want to see her very badly.,Without his,help,we,couldnt work it out.,补 语,objective complement,英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语,+,宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。,I found it very difficult to find work.,Yesterday he got his leg broken.,We found Lily out when we arrived.,The boss kept them working all day.,Leave the door open.,句子成分,意义,充当词类,例句,主语,表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,名，代，数，不定,式，动名词，短或,句子,We study in,HuangQiao,Middle,School.,谓语,说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样,动词或动词词组,She is dancing under the tree.,宾语,表示动作行为的对象,同主语,Both of us like English.,表语,与联系动词连用，一起构成谓,语，说明主语的性质或特征,同主语,Her father is a chemist.,His words sound reasonable.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词,形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子,We have eight lessons every day.,状语,修饰动词，形容词，副词，表,示动作发生的时间，地点，原,因，目的，方式，结果等,副词，介词短语或句,子,He works very hard.,They held a party in Hollywood.,宾语,补足语,逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系,形容词，名词，介词,短语等,She always keeps the house,clean.,主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！,句子成分随堂练习,找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分,Last week I went to the supermarket.,Last week,I,went,to the supermarket,.,状,主 谓 状,The play was very interesting.,The play,was,very,interesting,.,主 系状表,I cant hear a word.,I,cant hear,a word,.,主谓 宾,They were talking loudly.,They,were talking,loudly,.,主 谓 状,It was Sunday.,It,was,Sunday,.,主 系 表,I get up early on Sundays.,I,get up,early,on Sundays,.,主谓状状,I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.,I,looked at,the young man and the,主谓 宾,young woman,angrily,.,宾 状,I read a few,lines,but,I didnt understand a word.,I,read,a few,lines,but,I,didnt,主 谓 定 宾 连 主谓,understand,a word,.,谓 宾,My holidays passed,quickly,but,I didnt send cards to my friends.,My holidays,passed,quickly,but,I,主谓状 连主,didnt send,cards,to my friends,.,谓 宾 状,I got up early and bought thirty cards.,I,got up,early,and,bought,thirty,cards,.,主谓 状 连 谓 定 宾,He is working for a big firm and he has already vis