单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,控制H型高血压,-,中国脑卒中防治的新策略,北京大学第一医院,霍勇,控制H型高血压 -中国脑卒中防治的,1,SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,National Vital Statistics System.,Chartbook Health,United States,2008,中美心脑血管疾病死亡率,形势严峻,中国脑卒中更突出!,Stroke,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2005,Year,10,000,100,10,Deathsper100,000population(logscale),1985,1990,1995,2000,2005,Year,150,100,0,Mortality(1/100000),50,USA,Lisheng Liu,Cardiovascular diseases in China,Biochem.Cell Biol.,85:157163(2007),Stroke,138,54,211.1,46.6,China,Heart disease,Heart disease,SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,National Vit,2,高血压是心脑血管疾病首位危险因素,JAMA.2004 Jun 2;291(21):2591-9,20,20,6,7,3,39,9,3,4,4,5,54,4,1,1,35,13,4,4,2,4,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,(%),CHD,缺血性卒中,出血性卒中,CVD,高血压,吸烟,高,TC,低,HDL,糖尿病,肥胖,高血压是心脑血管疾病首位危险因素JAMA.2004 Jun,3,中国高血压患者中脑卒中远多于冠心病,-Analysis based on 11 Major Randomized Intervention Trials,STOP-1,SHEP,STONE*,SYST-EUR,SYST-CHINA*,HOT,CAPPP,STOP-2,NICS*,NORDIL,INSIGHT,1991,1991,1996,1997,1998,1998,1999,1999,1999,2000,2000,76,72,67,70,67,61,53,76,70,60,67,1627,4736,1632,4695,2394,18790,10985,6614,414,1088,6575,82,269,52,124,104,294,340,452,20,355,141,53,165,4,78,16,209,327,293,4,340,138,Year of,Publication,Average,age(yrs),No.patients,randomized,No.,strokes,Study,Acronym,Total,2233,1627,1.37,Blood Pressure 2001;10:190-2,*,Studies were conducted in China,*Study was conducted in Japan,Stroke:MIratio,1.54,1.63,13.00,1.58,6.56,1.41,1.04,1.54,5.00,1.04,1.02,No.,MI,中国高血压患者中脑卒中远多于冠心病199176162753Y,4,Data from UK,Risk of stroke increase,22%,Data from Asia,The risk of stroke increase,240%,Staessen JA,et al.Lancet.2000;355:865-872,Chobanian AV,et al.Hypertension.2003;42:1206-1252,10,SBP increase per,10mmHg,高血压与脑卒中:亚洲之重,Data from UKRisk of stroke inc,5,中国为什么脑卒中多发?,美国,中国,5,位外,1:2,28%,25%,8-10,mol/L*,对比观察,DEATH OF STROKE,STROKE,:,MI,HYPERTENSION,高胆固醇血症,血浆,Hcy,水平,第,1,位,5:1,19%,3%,15,mol/L*,1.Hcy,与叶酸水平数据分别来自,HOPE-2,和依叶注册临床试验,2.N Engl J Med 2006;354.,3.JAMA.2003;289:2363-2369,4.,北京大学学报,(,医学版,)2007;(39)614-618,中国为什么脑卒中多发?美国中国5位外1:228%25%8-1,6,HCY与心血管事件线性相关,JAMA.2004,;,7,;,11-24,HCY与心血管事件线性相关JAMA.2004;7;11-24,7,BMJ,2002;325;1202-1206,与冠心病比较,,Hcy,与脑卒中关联更为密,BMJ,2002;325;1202-1206,8,我国安庆社区研究发现:高,Hcy,增加中国人群心脑血管事件、脑卒中的风险,研究目的:,评价我国人群高,Hcy,与心脑血管事件的关联,高血压与高,Hcy,对心脑血管事件的联合作用,MTHFR,基因型、高,Hcy,血症对心脑血管事件发生的修饰作用,方法:,巢式病例对照(,1995-2006,),人群:安庆地区,,39165,人,平均随访期:,6.2,年,病例:随访中发生心脑血管事件存活或死亡的病人,对照:按照年龄、性别、入组时间进行配对,我国安庆社区研究发现:高Hcy增加中国人群心脑血管事件、脑卒,9,北美谷物中叶酸强化研究,强制执行叶酸强化的国家,美国、加拿大。开始时间:,1998,年,无叶酸强化但其他条件相当的国家,/,地区作为对照,英格兰、威尔士,美国卒中死亡率,1990 1997年每年下降0.3;,1999 2002年每年下降2.9(P0.0005,);,加拿大卒中死亡率,1990 1997年每年下降1.0;,1999 2002年每年下降5.4(P0.0001,)。,英格兰和威尔士卒中死亡率变化不明显,结论:叶酸强化、降低,Hcy能够降低脑卒中死亡,Circulation,.2006;113:1335-1343,.,北美谷物中叶酸强化研究强制执行叶酸强化的国家Circulat,10,心血管事件高危人群强化叶酸治疗,脑卒中事件显著获益,N Engl J Med 2006;354.,5522,例有心血管疾病史或糖尿病,/,动脉粥样硬化等危险因素,随机、双盲、安慰剂对照,随访,5,年,治疗组:,2.5mg,叶酸、,50-mg VB6,和,1mg VB12,主要结果:,治疗组卒中发生的相对风险较安慰剂组降低,25%,(,p=0.03,),叶酸干预研究:,HOPE2,25%,心血管事件高危人群强化叶酸治疗 N Engl J Med 2,11,3318,例受试者,,治疗组:每日叶酸,800,g,VB6 6mg,VB1218,g,其他维生素多种金属元素,对照组:安慰剂,随访,6,年,治疗组脑血管疾病死亡减少,37,RR=0.63,CI 0.37-1.07,Am J Epidemiol.1996;143:658,我国林县RCT研究结果,37%,3318例受试者,Am J Epidemiol.1996;,12,补充叶酸预防脑卒中疗效:荟萃分析,补充叶酸预防脑卒中疗效:荟萃分析,13,荟萃分析确认叶酸预防脑卒中有效,Wang et al.Lancet 2007;369:1876-82,荟萃分析确认叶酸预防脑卒中有效Wang et al.Lan,14,我们研究证实中国脑卒中高发,两个因素,两层放大,高血压+HCY,MTHFR TT基因型,高血压,高HCY,脑卒中,我们研究证实中国脑卒中高发,15,HCY+高血压双重危险因素显著增加心血管事件,JAMA.1997;277;1775-1781,HCY+高血压双重危险因素显著增加心血管事件JAMA.1,16,中国人群研究同样表明:,HCY+高血压双重危险因素显著增加国人脑卒中事件,Li J et al.2009(paper under review),P0.001,P=0.001,P0.001,P=0.002,中国人群研究同样表明:HCY+高血压双重危险因素显著增加,17,H,型高血压,H-type Hypertension,伴有同型半胱氨酸升高的高血压患者定义为H型高血压,Hypertensive patients,co-morbid with elevated plasma homocysteine levels,are defined as,H-type hypertension,胡大一等:中华内科杂志,2008,47,(,12),H型高血压伴有同型半胱氨酸升高的高血压患者定义为H型高血压胡,18,H型高血压:我国高血压患者75%伴有HCY增高,91%,63%,75%,李建平等:北京大学学报(医学版),2007,;(,39)614-618,H型高血压:我国高血压患者75%伴有HCY增高91%63%,19,MTHFR C677T多态性与高血压共同加重脑卒中发生的危险,P0.001,P0.001,P=0.004,data on file,MTHFR C677T多态性与高血压共同加重脑卒中发生的危险,20,Lancet 2005;365:22432,MTHFR:,亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(,HCY,代谢的关键酶),Meta-analysis,:,纯合突变,TT,基因型个体、纯合野生,CC,基因型个体脑卒中发生风险优势比的荟萃分析,Lancet 2005;365:22432 MTHFR,21,Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;26:4862,Meta-analysis:MTHFR C677T and Stroke Risk,In Chinese Population:OR=1.50;95%CI:1.23-1.84,MTHFR 677 C/T Biomarker,Prognostic,Predictive,Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;26:4862,22,7th International Homocysteine Conference,Prague,Czech,2009,CC,CT,TT,MTHFR C677T Genotype Frequency among Chinese Hypertensives:Six large city study in China,2005-2006,MTHFR C677T Genotype Frequency,60,50,40,30,20,10,0,24.5,50.4,25.1,Huo et al.2009(paper under review),7th International Homocysteine,23,Am J Epidemiol.2000;151:862877,北京大学学报(医学版),2007,;,(39)614-618,Population frequency of homozygosity for the C677Tallele of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR),by geographic area and ethnicity,China 25%!,Am J Epidemiol.2000;151:862,24,7th International Homocysteine Conference,Prague,Czech,Odds Ratios of Fetal Stroke by MTHFR TT Genotype and Hypertension,among Subjects with Moderate Hcy Level(=140mmHg and/or DBP=90mmHg and/or taki