单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法课堂,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have(has,）,+,过去分词,过去分词的构成,1.,直接加,-ed,。如：,play-played,2.,以字母,e,结尾的直接加,d,。如：,name-named,3.,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的，变,y,为,i,加,ed,。如：,carry-carried,4.,重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加,-ed,。如：,stop-stopped,末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加,-ed,。如：,stop-stopped,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been,与,have gone,比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,-Its so dark.,-Someone has turned off the light.,(,有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是,:,现在很黑,),-Are you free?,-I have finished my homework.I am free,(,我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空,),主菜单,1.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,现在完成时的主要用法,1.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,2.,表示,过去,已经开始,持续到,现在的动作或状态,present(now),future,past,现在完成时,(present perfect tense),do my homework,Mother:John,clean your teeth please.,John:Mum,I,have,already,(,已经,)cleaned,them.,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：,主语,+,助动词,have/has,+,动词的过去分词,.,疑问式：,助动词,Have/Has,+,主语,+,动词的过去分词,?,否定式,:,主语,+,助动词,have/has+not,+,动词的过去分词,.,例句：,6.,Has,he gone to the library?,他是去了图书馆吗？,Yes,he has.,是的，是去那里了。,No,he hasnt.,不，他没去那里。,7.How long,has,Mrs Smith,been,in Beijing,？,Smith,夫人来北京多长时间了？,现在完成时的运用,(1):,1,在表示“用法,1”,时，现在完成时常和副词,already,yet,never,ever,before,just,等连用。,.,a,）,already,往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；,yet,用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already left here.,他已经离开这里了。,Has he already left here?,他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）,My teachers havent had breakfast yet.,我的老师们还没有吃早饭。,Have you written to your parents yet?,你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,2.,yet,在现在完成时中的用法,否定句,:,句末“,还,(,没,),”,疑问句,:,句末,“,己经,”,Eg.I havent had breakfast,yet,.,Have you had breakfast,yet,?,b,）,never,是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而,ever,表示“曾经”,We have never been to the Great Wall.,我们从来没有去过长城。,Have you ever been to Canada?,你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c,）,just,表示“刚刚”,（用于完成时态时，与,already,，,never,等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词,have/has,和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back.,他刚刚回来。,They have just finished the work.,他们刚刚完成那项工作。,3.,表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的,经历,.,上一页,下一页,I have,ever,been,to the Summer Palace?,(,我曾去过颐和园,),I,have,never,had,a car.,(,我从未有过汽车。,),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的,时间状语,常与,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few weeks,these days,since,for a long time,连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,上一页,下一页,I have learnt English for more than,ten years.,我已经学了,10,多年的英语。,(,从,10,年前开始,持续到现在还在学,),She has swum since half an hour ago.,我已经游泳了半个小时,(,半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游,),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.,表示,过去,已经开始,持续到,现在的动作或状态,.,常与,since+,过去的时间点，,for+,一段时间，,so far,等时间状语连用。,1.,for,+,Eg.I have been here,for,5 weeks.,Hes studied English,for,3 years.,一段时间,2.,since,+,从句,(,一般过去时,),单词,词组,(,表示过去某一时间的,),时间点,Eg.I have been here,since 2000.,I have been here,since 5 years ago,.,I have been here,since I graduated in 2000,.,since:(,自,以来,),1)since+,时间点,Hehasstayedhere,since5oclock,.,2)since+,时间段,+ago,Hehasstayedhere,since5hoursago,.,3)since+,从句,ShehastaughtEnglish,sincehecamehere.,for,:(,长达）,for+,时间段,He has kept the book,for 2 weeks,.,since,for,的用法,:,Take notes,注,1),:since,也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”,;,另外,since,前也可加上,ever,以加强语气,.,Eg.I have been here(ever)since.,I have been here(ever)since I graduated in 2000.,注,2),:,对,for,或,since,引导的时间状语提问 必须用,how long,决不能用,when.,Eg.I have lived here,for 10 years,.,How long,have you lived here?,She has stood here,since 2 hour ago,.,How long,has she stood here?,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave-,come/go(to)-,arrive(at/in)-,get(to)-,reach-,buy-,borrow-,finish-,join-,start/begin-,die-,close-,open-,return-,marry-,become-,be away(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,be over,be in,/,be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暂性,动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中,不能与时间段连用,，这些动词是：,become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的,延续性动词,来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,become,be,begin,have,borrow,keep,buy ,have,come(go,arrive,get),be here/there/in,，,die,be,dead,finish,be over,join,be in,（,be a member of,）,leave,be away(from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。,如：,I havent bought the bike for a year.,我买这辆自行车还不到一年。,She hasnt come here for an hour.,她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,翻 译 练 习：,1.,我买了这块手表五年了。,2.,这位老人已经死了十年了。,I,have bought,this watch for five years.,I,have had,this watch,for,five years/,since,5 years,ago.,The old man,has died,for ten years.,The old man,has been dead,for ten,years/since 10,years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.,他已经回来三天了。,4.,自从六点钟他就来这儿了。,5.,我离开家乡已十年了。,He,has come back,for 3 days.,He,has been back,for,3 days/,since,3,days,ago,.,He,has come here,since 6 oclock.,He,has been here,since 6 oclock.,I,have left,hometown for 10 years.,I,have been away from,hometown for 10,years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been,与,have gone,的用法比较,have been to,意思是“到过，去过”，表示,曾经到过某处,，但现在人不在那儿。,have gone to,意思是“去了”，表示,已经去了,某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。,have been in,意思是“,呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing?,她曾去过南京吗？,You have never been there,have you?,你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？,I have been to Guiling,I wen