单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,Grammar,1,Grammar,Modal verbs,Grammar Modal verb,2,1.情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。,2.没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。,3.不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。,4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接动词原形,5.,情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。,只作情态动词的 can/could,may/might,ought to,must,可情态可实义的 need,dare/dared,可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would,相当于情态动词的have to,used to,情态动词的语法特征,1.情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能,3,1.So he,can,carry heavy books.,2.He,couldnt,open the door by himself.,3.,Could,you open the door,please?,The modal verbs“can”and“couldnt”mean ones ability to do something.They are similar to“be able to do something”.,“could”in the third sentence means making a request.,1.So he can carry,4,Must,can/could,may/might 的用法,must,1.Must 表示推测时，只能用于,肯定句。,must do 对,一般时,的,肯定,推测,must have done 对,过去发生的事情,作出的肯定判断,must be doing 对,现在的动作,进行肯定推测,他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱,They have bought a new car.They,must have,a lot of money.,他现在一定在看小说,He,must be reading,novels now.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,The road is wet.It,must have rained,last night.,Must,can/could,may/might 的用,5,can/could,1.can/could 表示推测时，只能用在,否定句或疑问句中,。,Its so late.Can Tom be reading?,这么晚了，汤姆还在看书吗？,这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。,It cant be Mary.She has fallen ill.,她不可能在说谎。,She couldnt be telling lies.,can/could 1.can/could 表示推测时，,6,2,.can/could not have done,对,过去发生,行为进行推测:不可能做某事,刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.,门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,The door was locked，,so she couldnt have been at home.,2.can/could not have done 对过去,7,3.,can/could have done,“,本可以，本可能做某事,”用于,肯定句,中，表示对,过去发生的事情,做出的判断，,你本来可以考的更好。,You could have had a better mark.,may/might,1.May/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。(maymight),她们明天可能会到这里来。,They may come here tomorrow.,3.can/could have done“本可以，本可,8,他们可能还在等我们呢。,They may be still waiting for us.,2.,might,可用于,指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小,。,他也许在作功课吧。,He might be doing his homework now.,我问他我是否可以离开。,I asked him if I might leave.,I asked him“May I leave now?”,他们可能还在等我们呢。They may be still w,9,3.,might/may have done,表示对,过去发生的动作,进行可能性推测，,他可能去医务室了。,He may have gone to the clinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,He might have read about the news in the newspaper.,3.might/may have done,表示对过去发生的,10,Will/Would,you,do?,表请求，表意志，愿望，决心,would,表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”,used to,表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”,used to 可于状态动词连用,would不可以,eg.He used to be a quiet boy.(),He would be a quiet boy.(),will/would,If you,will,help me with my English,I,will,be very happy.,I promised that I,would,do my best,.,Will/Would you do?表请求，表意志，,11,You,shall,do as I say.(命令),1.在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。,Shall,I open the window for you？（征求意见）,2.在疑问句中,用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。,shall,should 和ought to,Tell him that he,shall,have the book tomorrow.(允诺),Nothing,shall,stop me doing it.(决心),Shall,he fetch some water for you？（请求）,You shall do as I say.(命令)1.,12,Young people,should,learn how to use computers.,3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。,Every citizen,ought to,obey law.,You,ought not to,go.,You,should/ought to have told,her the truth earlier,.,She,shouldnt have left,without saying a word,.,4.,should/ought to have done,表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”,ought to的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”,5.Should用于可能性推测时,表“应该，很可能”,They left at 5:30.They,should,get there now.,Young people should learn how,13,-,Need,he start from the beginning?-Yes,he must.-No,he,neednt,/doesnt have to.,1.作情态动词时,仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形,表“需要”,need,You,neednt,return the book now,.,2.neednt have done 表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为“本不必要”,Our color TV set is still good enough.You,neednt have bought,a new one.,3.Need作实义动词时,表示“需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变化,He,needs,to finish it this evening.The classroom,needs,cleaning.,-Need he start from the beg,14,1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中,。,Dare(need)+S+V,S+darent(neednt)+V,I darent walk through the forest at night.,Dare you walk through the forest at night?,You neednt return the book now.,Need he go yesterday?,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare(ne,15,2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化,He needs to go there himself.,He has grown up,we dont need to worry,about him.,3.Sth(sb)need(want,request)+doing/to be done,The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned,The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.,2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化,16,句型 时态 动词,情态动词dare 实义动词 dare,肯定句,现在时 dare do dare/dares to do,过去时 dare do dared to do,否定句,现在时 darent/dare not do do/does not dare(to)do,过去时 dared not do did not dare(to)do,疑问句,现在时Dare he do?Do you/Does he dare(to)do?,过去时 Dared he do?Did he dare(to)do,句型 时态,17,2.I wonder how he_that to the teacher.,A.dare to say B.dare saying,C.not dare say D.dared say,D,4.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.,A neednt dress B.didnt have to dress up,C.Might not have dressed up D.neednt have dressed up,D,2.I wonder how he_that to t,18,1.判断正误:,How,dare you say,such a thing?,How,dare you to say,such a thing?,He,darent to speak,English before such a,crowd,did he?,He,darent speak,English before such a,crowd,dare