单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,英语语法的十六种基本时态,英语语法的十六种基本时态,1,一般时态,进行时态,完成时态,完成进行时态,现在,do/does,am/is/are doing,have/has done,have/has been doing,过去,did,was/were doing,had done,had been doing,将来,shall/will do,shall/will be doing,shall/will have done,shall/will have been doing,过去将来,should/would do,should/would be doing,should/would have done,should/would have been doing,do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has,2,一般现在时,一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态,1,构成,：,do/does,2,用法,一般现在时一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目,3,（,1,）,一般现在时动词表示现状,性质,状态和经常性的或习惯性的动作,.,We are very pleased.,How do u come to school,这些动词常与频度副词连用，即与,always,ever,frequently,hardly ever,never,often,occasionally,rarely,seldom,sometimes,usually,everyday,now,on Sundays,等时间状语连用。如：,Nature is always beautiful.,The farmers move on to a new place every two or three years.,（1）一般现在时动词表示现状,性质,状态和经常性的或习惯性的,4,（,2,）,一般现在时表示客观真理或普遍真理,The earth runs around sun.,There are five time areas in US.,（,3,）,表示将来确定会发生的动作（如：已安排或计划好的动作）。这种用法常用动词有：,go,come,leave,start,arrive,be,sail,等，往往后接时间状语,Your future is bright,The next train leaves at 9:15,（2）一般现在时表示客观真理或普遍真理,5,（,4,）,在由,when,which,before,after,until,as soon as,等引导的时间状语从句和有连词,if,和,unless,引导的条件从句中，可用,一般现在时代替一般将来时,If your brother passes the exam,he will be enrolled.,Before you leave the lab,make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are shut.,（,5,）,在句型,I hope,I bet,等后面的,that,分句中和句型,see(to be)/make sure/make certain+that,分句中，,可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,I hope you have a good time,Make sure that the guests have a good rest,（4）在由when,which,before,afte,6,（,6,）,在某些以,here,there,开头的句子中，用一般现在时动词表示现在发生的动作,“Now watch,here are the three bottles,“he said.,Here comes the English teacher.,（,7,）,一般现在时也可用于叙事文或新闻报道中追述往事，以增进描述的生动性和真是感，即所谓的“历史性现在时”,they are taken on board and Captain Nemo decides not to kill them but make them his permanent guests.From that day on they start planning their escape.,（6）在某些以here,there 开头的句子中，用一般现,7,现在进行时,英语动词进行时的主要特点是它所表示的动作具有持续性,暂时性和未完成性,.,1,构成,:,is/am/are doing,2,用法,表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作,Dont disturb him.Hes listening to the weather forecast.,Im sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.,现在进行时英语动词进行时的主要特点是它所表示的动作具有持续,8,重点提示,（,a,）,有时候现在进行时所表示的动作并不一定在说话人的说话时刻正在进行，而是在包括说话时刻在内的一段时间当中进行。如,What are you learning this term?,（,b,）,现在进行时与一般现在时的区别。一般现在时往往带有长久的含义，而现在进行时则有表示暂时性的含义,He lives in Beijing.,He is now living in Beijing,重点提示,9,（,2,）,表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作，,Come,go,leave,start,arrive,等动词常与表示将来时间的状语连用，表示“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感。,Im changing my hotel.,I must be leaving now.,英语十六大时态讲解ppt课件,10,重点提示,现在进行时表示将来时间的用法还常见于某些时间状语从句中和条件状语中,.,如,:,If the man is not breathing,you must try to start his breathing at once.,When you are traveling,you should take care of your health.,重点提示,11,（,3,）,现在进行时动词常与,always,continually,really,actually,only,simply,merely,constantly,for ever,all the time,等频度状语连用，对反复出现的或习惯性的动作。,The size and location of the worlds deserts are always changing.,John is constantly complaining that he is poor paid.,英语十六大时态讲解ppt课件,12,重点提示,现在进行时的这一用法与一般现在时的区别在于后者只是说明事实，而前者则往往带有说话人的感情，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。比较：,Jack comes late for school.,（,只说明事实,）,Jack is always coming late for school,.(,不是说活人对,jack,的不满,),英语十六大时态讲解ppt课件,13,（,4,）,口语中某些表示说话的动作的动词，如：,ask,tell,talk,say,exaggerate,等也用现在进行时表示刚刚过去的动作,The swimmer who you are asking about is over there.,(,你刚才问的那个游泳者就在那边,),（,5,）,少数几个表示心理活动的静态动词如,:,hope,wonder,等也可用于现在进行时表示客观的口气。,Im hoping youll give us some advice.,Im wondering if I may have a word with you.,（4）口语中某些表示说话的动作的动词，如：ask,tell,14,重点提示,能用于现在进行时的动词通常都是表示动作的动词，尤其是表示持续动作的次，如：,work,study,live,stay,read,write,等；不表示持续的行为，而不是知觉，感觉，看法，认识，感情，愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时，如,see,hear,smell,taste,recognize,notice,forget,remember,understand,know,believe,suppose,mean,love,hate,like,dislike,forgive,want,refuse,belong to,seem,possess,等。,英语十六大时态讲解ppt课件,15,一般将来时,一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。,1,，,shall/will+do,will,用于第一，二，三人称主语，,shall,用于第一人称。,（,1,）“,will/shall,”,+,动词原形 可以表示将来时态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语或状语从句连用，也可表示预见,an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco.,一般将来时,16,(2),will/shall,有时既表示将来，也表示意愿，意图，决心，允诺等，在疑问句中还可以用来征询听话人的意图或征求允诺。,I will tell you all about it.(,意愿,),I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(,决心,),Shall we talk about it when I get back from my holiday?(,征询他人意见,),（,3,）,will,还可以用于条件句，表示将来的意愿,If we go on polluting the world,it wont be fit for us to live in.,(2),will/shall 有时既表示将来，也表示意愿，,17,2,be going to do,(1),这一结构表示主观现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,Im going to attend a meeting next week.,(2)be going to do,还可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。,Look at these black clouds-it is going to rain.,英语十六大时态讲解ppt课件,18,重点提示,Will,和,be going to,都可以表示某种意愿，有时候可以互换使用，但,be going to,往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；,will,多表示意愿，决心，因而有时又不能交替使用。如：,Ill tell you something that does sound strange.,(,这里可以与,am going to,互换使用,),He is working hard and is going to try for the college entrance exam.,(,不能用,will,替换,),重点提示,19,3,，,be+to,（,1,）这一结构常用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,We are to see our English teacher next week.,（,2,）表示职责，义务，意图，约定，禁止，可能性等,Smoking is not to be allowed here.,英语十六大时态讲解ppt课件,20,4,be about+,不定式,这一结构表