单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,动词的时态和语态,1.,一般现在时,2.,一般过去时,3.,一般将来时,4.,过去将来时,5.,现在进行时,6.,过去进行时,7.,将来进行时,8.,现在完成时,9.,过去完成时,10.,将来完成时,11.,现在完成进行时,（一）一般现在时,1,表示经常性，习惯性的动作或状态。常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有,:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,every day,from time to time,etc.,E.g.1.I am your English teacher.,2.He goes to bed at ten oclock every evening.,3.Light travels faster than sound.,.,在时间，条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时,表将来。,E.g.1.Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him.,2.If I am free tomorrow,Ill help you with English.,3.However late he is,his mother will wait for him,for dinner.,（二,）,一般过去时,表示在过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态,（不涉及对现在的影响）。,常用的时间状语有,yesterday,last week,just now,in the past,Eg.1.Where did you live when you were young?,2.I met her in the street yesterday.,3.I didnt intend to hurt you.,（三）一般将来时,.will/shall do:,(1),表将来；,（,2,）表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势；,（,3,）表示临时决定做某事。,1.We shall have our monthly examination next week.,2.Fish will die without water.,3.-The lights in the classroom are still on.,-Sorry,Ill go and turn them off.,.be going to do,(1),表示有计划，有安排将要发生的事。,(2),表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。,(1).Sue and I have decided to have a party.,We are going to invite a lot of people.,(2).Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.,.be to do:,表示按计划要发生的事或表示可能性，,必要，责任，义务，禁止等。,1.We are to put up a new school in this area.,2.A meeting is to be held this evening.,.be about to do:,表示马上就要发生的事。,常不接具体的时间状语。,Hurry up!The lecture is about to begin.,.,一般现在时表将来：,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,1.The train leaves at 7:30.,2.Our class begins from 8,：,00 in the morning.,.,现在进行时表将来：,1.Im leaving for Shanghai next week.,2.Ladies and Gentlemen,please fasten your seat belts.,The plane is taking off.,（四）过去将来时,.would/should do:,He said he would be here at eight oclock.,.was/were going to do:,I thought it was going to rain.,.was/were about to do:,The plane was about to land.,.was/were to do:,He told me he was to get married the next week.,(,五,),现在进行时,am/is/are doing,.,表示说话时正在进行的动作。,Listen!Someone is knocking at the door.,-Whats that terrible noise?,-The neighbors are preparing for a party.,.,表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。,Since I won the first prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People are phoning to ask how I am going to spend the money.,.,现在进行时与,always,constantly,usually,forever,等词连用时，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，表示赞扬，,批评，责备等。,1.He is always finding faults with what I have done.,2.He is constantly leaving his things about.,（六）过去进行时,was/were doing,.,表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作：,1.What were you doing at this time yesterday?,2.We were having a meeting from 6:00 to 8:00 last night.,.,常与,always,constantly,usually,等连用，具有较强的感情色彩。,1.He was always doing well when he studied in our school.,2.The old man was constantly telling the same old story.,.,表示过去打算但未实现的动作。,1.I was coming,but I missed the last bus.,2.-Alice.Why didnt you come yesterday?,-I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.,（七）将来进行时,will/shall be doing,表示将来的某个时间正在进行的动作：,At this time tomorrow,I shall be sitting at the table.,（八）现在完成时,have/has done,.,现在完成时表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续,到现在，而且还可能再继续下去。强调对现在造成的影响。句子中常有,already,ever,yet,just,recently,since,so far,E.g.-The window is so dirty.,-I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.,.,常用与一些句型中：,It is/has been three years since he joined the army.,It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.,It is the most interesting novel that I have read.,.,在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替,将来时。,1.I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.,2.If you have done the experiment,youll realize the,theory better.,.,过去完成时,had done,.,表示在过去的某个时间之前发生的动作,即,“,过去的过去,”,。,(1).The train had already left before we reached the station.,(2).We had produced 200,000 cars by the end of last year.,.,一些表示意向的动词如,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,表示未曾实现的希望，打算等。,(1).We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,(2).I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.,.,过去完成时,had done,一些固定句型中：,Hardly/scarcelywhen,No soonerthan It was the first time that,(1).No sooner had I got on the bus than it started out.,(2).It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me,in such a tone.,.,将来,完成时,will have done,表示到将来的某个时间之前某一动作将会完成，,常用的时间状语为,“by+,将来的某个时间,”,。,(1).By this time of next year,all of you will have become,college students.,(2).We will have learned 3500 English words by next term.,.,现在,完成进行时,have/has been doing,表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，,可能还要继续下去。,We have been learning English for more than,six years.,2.CCTV has been broadcasting English programmes,since 1987.,动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态,(be/get/become+p.p.),1.We clean the classroom every day.,-The classroom _ every day.,2.We finished the task ahead of time.,-The task _ ahead of time.,3.You will lose many chances if you dont work hard.,-Many chances _ if you dont work hard.,4.I am cleaning the blackboard,-The blackboard _.,5.We were holding a meeting at this time last night.,-A meeting _ at this time last night.,6.,I have spent a lot of money on the car.,-A lot of money _on the car.,7.They had produced 10,000 cars by the end of last,month.,-10,000 cars _ by the end of last,month.,主动形式表被动,动词